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The Bridge charity both patronised artisans involved with the manuscript-book trade and administered properties occupied by craftsmen connected with it. Its records provide `an invaluable and factual picture of the 15th-century book trade.' BOOK COLLECTOR In Memorials of the Book Trade in Medieval London, Paul Christianson presents a detailed account and assessment of the early records of the Bridge House Estates, the City of London trust responsible for the properties and the business and civic affairs of old London Bridge. These records reveal the organisation and administration of the Bridge charity itself as well as its frequent patronage of London artisans, particularly those involved with the manuscript-book trade. As artifacts, the records illustrate many features of contemporary book production, including binding techniques, the early use of paper, and the development of decorative penwork and of uniform styles of handwriting. The records of properties held by the Bridge charity in areas of the city occupied by craftsmen connected with the book trade also provide a series of unique insights into the organisation and location of that trade throughout the 15th century and into the 16th century. The book is illustrated with plates showing all the major palaeographical and other features of the Bridge house records and is of considerable importance to the study of the book trade and, more generally, of the history of the city of London itself.C. PAUL CHRISTIANSON is Mildred Foss Thompson Professor of English Language and Literature, The College of Wooster, Ohio.

(SACD-HYBRID) The vocal group Vox Silentii (Johann Korhonen and Hikka-Liisa Vuori) was founded in 1992. The singers believe the human voice is a bridge to a world you cannot see and the heavenly connection gives you silence and peace. This is their fourth recording on the Proprius label and was recorded in the Naantali Church outside Turku in the south-western part of Finland. The acoustics in that particular church - together with the human voice - form an atmosphere of silent, intense praying.

In an age when the printed book was still in its infancy, the pulpit was the mass medium. A vital part of medieval religious life, sermons were the chief occasions on which the church attempted to bridge the gap between high theology and popular religious culture. A new look at late medieval religious values and practices through the sermons of the day, this book offers intriguing insights into the beliefs and behaviors of ordinary Christians in the crucial era that saw the onset of the Protestant Reformation. Studying over 1,600 sermons given by the leading preachers in France between 1460 and 1560, Taylor examines the social context of preaching and the literary structure of the sermon to provide the background for a thorough analysis of the popular theology of the sermons, the preachers' attitudes toward men and women, and the preaching of and response to heresy in the decades after 1520.

The Strawberry Hill conferences on medieval knighthood, from which these volumes spring, aim to bring together historians and literary scholars whose interests focus on medieval chivalry, to bridge the gulf between the two areas of specialisation and explore matters of common interest. Eight papers cover a wide area, both territorially and chronologically,but common themes emerge. One group of essays deals with the embellishments of lordship, both architectural and heraldic, studying residences and also developments in armour. A second group concerns ideals which motivated the aristocracy of western Europe, from the late 10th to the 15th centuries: romances, the Peace movement of Aquitaine, holy war, and loyalty; concentration on rationalism and free will in thewritings of the cultural circle which revolved around Sir John Fastolfis identified as an important element in the development of the EnglishRenaissance. Professor CHRISTOPHER HARPER-BILL teaches in the Department of History, University of East Anglia; Dr RUTH HARVEY is lecturer in French at Royal Holloway, University of London. Contributors: ADRIAN AILES, JEFFREY ASHCROFT, CHARLES COULSON,JONATHAN HUGHES, JANE MARTINDALE, PETER NOBLE, MATTHEW STRICKLAND,ANN WILLIAMS.

The rich tapestry of medieval belief, morality, and manners, shines through this comprehensive anthology of the twenty-four major plays that bridge the dramatic worlds of medieval and Tudor England. Here are the plays that paved the way to the Renaissance and Shakespeare. In John Gassner's extensively annotated collection, the plays regain their timeless appeal and display their truly international character and influence.Medieval and Tudor Drama remains the indispensable chronicle of a dramatic heritage – the classical plays of Hrotsvitha, folk and ritual drama, the passion play, the great mortality play Everyman, the Interlude, Tudor comedies Ralph Roister Doister and Gammer Gurton's Needle, and the most famous of Tudor tragedies, Gorboduc. Mr. Gassner's introductions and notes tell a tale of excellence and evolution too easily forgotten. The texts have been modernized for today's readers and those composed in Latin have been translated into English.

The Strawberry Hill conferences on medieval knighthood, from which these volumes spring, aim to bring together historians and literary scholars whose interests focus on medieval chivalry, to bridge the gulf between the two areas of specialisation and explore matters of common interest. Eight papers cover a wide area, both territorially and chronologically,but common themes emerge. One group of essays deals with the embellishments of lordship, both architectural and heraldic, studying residences and also developments in armour. A second group concerns ideals which motivated the aristocracy of western Europe, from the late 10th to the 15th centuries: romances, the Peace movement of Aquitaine, holy war, and loyalty; concentration on rationalism and free will in thewritings of the cultural circle which revolved around Sir John Fastolfis identified as an important element in the development of the EnglishRenaissance. Professor CHRISTOPHER HARPER-BILL teaches in the Department of History, University of East Anglia; Dr RUTH HARVEY is lecturer in French at Royal Holloway, University of London. Contributors: ADRIAN AILES, JEFFREY ASHCROFT, CHARLES COULSON,JONATHAN HUGHES, JANE MARTINDALE, PETER NOBLE, MATTHEW STRICKLAND,ANN WILLIAMS.

In an age when the printed book was still in its infancy, the pulpit was the mass medium. A vital part of medieval religious life, sermons were the chief occasions on which the church attempted to bridge the gap between high theology and popular religious culture. A new look at late medieval religious values and practices through the sermons of the day, this book offers intriguing insights into the beliefs and behaviors of ordinary Christians in the crucial era that saw the onset of the Protestant Reformation. Studying over 1,600 sermons given by the leading preachers in France between 1460 and 1560, Taylor examines the social context of preaching and the literary structure of the sermon to provide the background for a thorough analysis of the popular theology of the sermons, the preachers' attitudes toward men and women, and the preaching of and response to heresy in the decades after 1520.

The Bonnefont Cloister at The Cloisters museum in New York City is a lovely space overlooking the Hudson River just above the George Washington Bridge. Meticulously planned and planted, the herb garden contains only species of plants known to have been grown during the Middle Ages. It is a joy to visit on a warm spring or summer day. Sweet Herbs and Sundry Flowers is a readable, beautifully illustrated description of the Bonnefont Garden, a valuable resource for any herbalist or historian.

This is a collection of essays designed to capitalize on the success of Seamus Heaney' prize-winning translation of Beowulf, which bridges the gap between the ivory tower where most who study Beowulf reside and lay readers drawn to the poem because of Heaney's reputation, the review in the New York Times Book Review, the Whitbread Prize for poetry, and even perhaps the attractive and eye-catching cover. The book is conceived in three parts. The first section explores translations into modern English and languages other than English; the second explores issues of oral theory and performance; the third offers a wide selection of reviews of Heaney's Beowulf written by Anglo-Saxonists. A DVD of readings of the first fifty-two lines of Beowulf in Old English, Czech, Spanish, Icelandic, Hungarian, and Italian, and selections from Turkish and Asian epics accompanies the volume.""Beowulf"" at Kalamazoo should be of interest to Anglo-Saxonists, translation theorists, linguists, oral and performance theorists, and anyone anywhere in an English department who teaches Beowulf in translation.

Throughout these essays there runs a common theme: the need to place the Reformation movement in its medieval context, and to bridge the ideological gaps between late medieval Renaissance, and Reformation studies.The opening chapters consider late medieval thought and the emergence of the young Luther at the center of the Reformation movement. There follows a study of the impact upon Luther of the philological, spiritual, and philosophical traditions of sixteen-century Europe. These traditions are fully examined in order to discern what Luther and his followers silently ignored or rejected, and so to delineate what is new and original in early Reformation thought.The remaining chapters move from Luther to the wider world of events marking the Reformation era: the Peasant War, the Copernican Revolution, the beginning of the Counter-reformation and the reformed initiated by the Council of Trent.

Throughout these essays there runs a common theme: the need to place the Reformation movement in its medieval context, and to bridge the ideological gaps between late medieval Renaissance, and Reformation studies.The opening chapters consider late medieval thought and the emergence of the young Luther at the center of the Reformation movement. There follows a study of the impact upon Luther of the philological, spiritual, and philosophical traditions of sixteen-century Europe. These traditions are fully examined in order to discern what Luther and his followers silently ignored or rejected, and so to delineate what is new and original in early Reformation thought.The remaining chapters move from Luther to the wider world of events marking the Reformation era: the Peasant War, the Copernican Revolution, the beginning of the Counter-reformation and the reformed initiated by the Council of Trent.

Syria has always been a bridge between East and West, between Europe and the Islamic world. 'A cradle of civilisations from time immemorial', in the words of editor Stefano Bianca, Syria 'is a nodal point where various threads of Islamic history come together'. The citadels in this book are testimony to the harsh political conflicts but rich cultural exchanges that occurred in the Middle Ages between Europe and the Islamic world, then at its cultural height. Another publication from the esteemed Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), the book reflects the admirable work done in the field by one of its branches, the Historic Cities Programme, which has restored and brought back to life these splendid building complexes. Indeed, a unique aspect of this volume lies in the combination of the insights into on-site conservation processes and resulting enhancement policies for the entire areas concerned, coupled with detailed historical descriptions that fully contextualise the sites. Likewise, the magnificen

Exiled from his Suffolk birthplace by his superstitious neighbors, Stephen of Dunwich finds shelter with the cold-hearted Brother Daniel, under whose tutelege he gains his training as an architect, in the story of the rise of a young medieval architect

Burton Watson and Haruo Shirane, renowned translators and scholars, introduce English-speaking readers to the vivid tradition of early and medieval Japanese anecdotal (setsuwa) literature. These orally narrated and written tales drew on both local folk tradition and continental sources. Taken from seven major anthologies of anecdotal literature compiled between the ninth and thirteenth centuries, these dramatic and often amusing stories open a major window onto the foundations of Japanese culture.Out of thousands of setsuwa, Shirane has selected thirty-eight of the most powerful and influential, each of which is briefly introduced. Recounting the exploits of warriors, farmers, priests, and aristocrats, and concerning topics as varied as poetry, violence, power, and sex, these tales reveal the creative origins of a range of literary and dramatic genres, from court tales and travel accounts to no drama and Kabuki. Watson's impeccable translations relay the wit, mystery, and Buddhist sensibility of these protean works, while Shirane's sophisticated analysis illuminates the meaning and context of their compact stories. Capped by an extensive bibliography, this collection fully immerses the reader in the thrilling world of secular and religious tales.

This challenging book on jurisprudence begins by posing questions in the post-modern context,and then seeks to bridge the gap between our traditions and contemporary situation. It offers a narrative encompassing the birth of western philosophy in the Greeks and moves through medieval Christendom, Hobbes, the defence of the common law with David Hume, the beginnings of utilitarianism in Adam Smith, Bentham and John Stuart Mill, the hope for enlightenment with Kant, Rousseau, Hegel and Marx, onto the more pessimistic warnings of Weber and Nietzsche. It defends the work of Austin against the reductionism of HLA Hart, analyses the period of high modernity in the writings of Kelsen, Hart and Fuller, and compares the different approaches to justice of Rawls and Nozick. The liberal defence of legality in Ronald Dworkin is contrasted with the more disillusioned accounts of the critical legal studies movement and the personalised accounts of prominent feminist writers.

Dublin Then and Now matches archival images with contemporary views to reveal the past and present of this fascinating city.Dublin’s rich architectural heritage ranges from medieval castles and cathedrals to a wealth of elegant Georgian townhouses. Capturing its famous streets, bridges, markets, parks and pubs, this book reveals the past and present of a city steeped in literary history, blessed with architectural beauty and full of character. Sites include: Trinity College, Dublin Castle, Guinness Brewery, Christ Church Cathedral, Brazen Head, Grattan Bridge, O'Connell Street, Abbey Theatre, Custom House, Liberty Hall, Four Courts, Smithfield Square, Phoenix Park, Dublin Zoo,  Ha'Penny Bridge, Grafton Street, Davy Byrnes, Bewley’s, St. Stephen’s Green, The Long Hall, National Library of Ireland,  Merrion Square, Fitzwilliam Square, Kilmainham Gaol.

For more than 1,000 years the Byzantine emperors reigned over a fabulously wealthy, glittering world. Thomas F. Mathews surveys this great Medieval culture--the bridge between classical antiquity and the Renaissance. From the Caucasus to Constantinople, from pagan Roman portraits to Christian icons, Mathews uses the latest research to lead an unforgettable tour of a splendid empire. 122 illustrations, 106 in color.

* Where did the Roman bridge at Newcastle actually lead to * What did St Wilfred choose as a holiday souvenir from his trip to Rome * Why did medieval Newcastle need town walls * How was Newcastle reviewed on the 17th century version of Trip Advisor * Where did Newcastle imprison the King Always knowledgeable, often funny and sometimes irreverent, this book will be treasured by anyone who is interested in our great regional capital.

In this sweeping and richly illustrated history, S. Frederick Starr tells the fascinating but largely unknown story of Central Asia's medieval enlightenment through the eventful lives and astonishing accomplishments of its greatest minds--remarkable figures who built a bridge to the modern world. Because nearly all of these figures wrote in Arabic, they were long assumed to have been Arabs. In fact, they were from Central Asia--drawn from the Persianate and Turkic peoples of a region that today extends from Kazakhstan southward through Afghanistan, and from the easternmost province of Iran through Xinjiang, China. Lost Enlightenment recounts how, between the years 800 and 1200, Central Asia led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and, above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects. They gave algebra its name, calculated the earth's diameter with unprecedented precision, wrote the books that later defined European medicine, and penned some of the world's greatest poetry. One scholar, working in Afghanistan, even predicted the existence of North and South America--five centuries before Columbus. Rarely in history has a more impressive group of polymaths appeared at one place and time. No wonder that their writings influenced European culture from the time of St. Thomas Aquinas down to the scientific revolution, and had a similarly deep impact in India and much of Asia. Lost Enlightenment chronicles this forgotten age of achievement, seeks to explain its rise, and explores the competing theories about the cause of its eventual demise. Informed by the latest scholarship yet written in a lively and accessible style, this is a book that will surprise general readers and specialists alike.

* Where did the Roman bridge at Newcastle actually lead to * What did St Wilfred choose as a holiday souvenir from his trip to Rome * Why did medieval Newcastle need town walls * How was Newcastle reviewed on the 17th century version of Trip Advisor * Where did Newcastle imprison the King Always knowledgeable, often funny and sometimes irreverent, this book will be treasured by anyone who is interested in our great regional capital.