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Man has within a single generation found himself sharing the world with a strange new species: the computers and computer-like machines. Neither history, nor philosophy, nor common sense will tell us how these machines will affect us, for they do not do "work" as did machines of the Industrial Revolution. Instead of dealing with materials or energy, we are told that they handle "control" and "information" and even "intellectual processes." There are very few individuals today who doubt that the computer and its relatives are developing rapidly in capability and complexity, and that these machines are destined to play important (though not as yet fully understood) roles in society's future. Though only some of us deal directly with computers, all of us are falling under the shadow of their ever-growing sphere of influence, and thus we all need to understand their capabilities and their limitations. It would indeed be reassuring to have a book that categorically and systematically described what all these machines can do and what they cannot do, giving sound theoretical or practical grounds for each judgment. However, although some books have purported to do this, it cannot be done for the following reasons: a) Computer-like devices are utterly unlike anything which science has ever considered---we still lack the tools necessary to fully analyze, synthesize, or even think about them; and b) The methods discovered so far are effective in certain areas, but are developing much too rapidly to allow a useful interpretation and interpolation of results. The abstract theory---as described in this book---tells us in no uncertain terms that the machines' potential range is enormous, and that its theoretical limitations are of the subtlest and most elusive sort. There is no reason to suppose machines have any limitations not shared by man.

Computation notebook is ideal for recording data and making calculations. Sheets are numbered 1 to 156 and are ruled four squares per inch on front and back with top and side margins for note-taking. Green tint reduces eyestrain. Sewn page construction keeps pages secure. Pressboard cover protects contents.

Computation notebook is ideal for recording data and making calculations. Sheets are numbered 1 to 156 and are ruled four squares per inch on front and back with top and side margins for note-taking. Green tint reduces eyestrain. Sewn page construction

Computation notebook contains 76 sheets of 24 lb. bond paper printed on both sides. Pages are sequentially numbered from 1 to 152 and 4 x 4 quad-ruled with heavy headline margin. Heavy pressboard cover protects the thread-sewn contents and features double-wire binding.

Computation pad features a 5-square-per-inch, cross-section ruling printed on back that faintly shows through to the front. Front is printed with frame margins. Design makes diagramming easier. Three-hole punched pad has holes drilled in the left margin to fit in three-ring binders and is glue-bound along that side. Eye-ease green tint paper reduces glare and eyestrain. Letter-size computation pad contains 200 sheets of 16 lb. paper and has a 27 point chipboard back for writing support.

Engineer's research and computation book is designed to help the busy professional record data and make calculations. Sheets are numbered 1 to 156 and are ruled with four squares per inch on front and back with top and side margins for note-taking. Qua

Engineer's research and computation book is designed to help the busy professional record data and make calculations. Sheets are numbered 1 to 156 and are ruled with four squares per inch on front and back with top and side margins for note-taking. Quad-ruled, numbered pages make it easier to index projects for future reference. Heavyweight buff paper will stand up to heavy use and erasures. The buff color helps reduce any eyestrain. Pressboard covers protect contents. Coil-lock wire binding prevents snagging and keeps contents secure. Notebook contains 76 sheets with 152 numbered pages.

These handy two-sided, Multi-Digit Computation Boards make it easier than ever for students to keep correct place value as they regroup and compute answers for math problems. One side is printed with a place-value workspace, featuring labeled columns to help students put numbers in just the right place as they solve addition, subtraction, and multiplication problems for higher numbers. The other side of the Board features a labeled long-division bracket with handy columns to keep numbers correctly lined up for division problems. Your students will seek out these Boards for place value and long division practice using the write, check, revise, and wipe-off strategy that these Dry-Erase Boards bring to the table! WHATS INCLUDED: The Multi-Digit Computation Boards set includes 6, two-sided non-magnetic dry-erase boards (12"" by 9"" each.); PROVIDE A HANDY MATH TOOL FOR PLACE VALUE AND DIVISION PRACTICE: The Boards in this set help students practice solving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems using labeled place-value columns and a division bracket with number columns to stay organized during computation.; ASSESS AND REINFORCE STUDENT LEARNING WITH A QUICK PEEK: These Dry-Erase Boards allow you an at-a glance assessment of student progress and let you encourage students with a positive quick-erase, rethink, and resolve strategy.; SHOW AND TELL ABOUT PLACE VALUE AND LONG DIVISION: These Boards are the perfect tool for demonstrating place value and long division skills for individuals and small groups. You show and tell, and then students give it a try!; ENCOURAGE GOOD WORK HABITS: Get your students implementing good-work habits by having them safely cap and store their markers, erase the Boards completely, and store the Boards so they are ready for the next students to think about place value, stay organized, and solve problems!; 158229 Multidigit Computation Dry Erase Boards math math mathematics math skills classwork cirriculum

A handbook of equations and data for aquaculturists, physiologists, power plant operators, river managers, and anyone concerned with gas concentrations and supersaturation.

The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception.In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind.A Bradford Book

This book develops a type theory, studies its properties, and explains its uses in computer science. The book focuses in particular on how the study of type theory may offer a powerful and uniform language for programming, program specification and development, and logical reasoning. The type theory developed here reflects a conceptual distinction between logical propositions and computational data types. Starting from an introduction of the basic concepts, the author explains the meaning and use of the type-theoretic language with proof-theoretic justifications, and discusses various issues in the study of type theory. The practical use of the language is illustrated by developing an approach to specification and data refinement in type theory, which supports modular development of specification, programs, and proofs. Students and researchers in computer science and logic will welcome this exciting new book.

This introduction to certain mathematical topics central to theoretical computer science treats computability and recursive functions, formal languages and automata, computational complexity, and cruptography. The presentation is essentially self-contained with detailed proofs of all statements provided. Although it begins with the basics, it proceeds to some of the most important recent developments in theoretical computer science.

Developed as the text for the basic computer architecture course at MIT, Computation Structures integrates a thorough coverage of digital logic design with a comprehensive presentation of computer architecture. It contains a wealth of information for those who design computers or work with computer systems, spanning the entire range of topics from analog circuit design to operating systems. Ward and Halstead seek to demystify the construction of computing hardware by illustrating systematically how it is built up from digital circuits through higher level components to processors and memories, and how its design is affected by its intended uses. Computation Structures is unusually broad in scope, considering many real world problems and tradeoff decisions faced by practicing engineers. These difficult choices are confronted and given careful attention throughout the book.Topics addressed include the digital abstraction; digital representations and notation; combinational devices and circuits; sequence and state; synthesis of digital systems; finite state machines; control structures and disciplines; performance measures and tradeoffs; communication; interpretation; microinterpreter architecture; microprogramming and microcode; single sequence machines; stack architectures; register architectures; reduced instruction set computers; memory architectures; processes and processor multiplexing; process synchronization; interrupts, priorities, and real time; directions and trends.Stephen A. Ward and Robert H. Halstead are both Associate Professors of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at MIT. Computation Structures is included in the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science series.

Most readers and critics behave as though common prepositions, conjunctions, personal pronouns, and articles--the parts of speech which make up at least a third of fictional works in English--do not really exist. But far from being a largely inert linguistic mass which has a simple but uninteresting function, these words and their frequency of use can tell us a great deal about the characters who speak them. In Computation into Criticism, he reveals that even in so early a novel as Northanger Abbey the major characters differ very sharply in the frequency with which each uses such words as "the," "of," "it," and "I." When, especially in the later novels, there is evidence of consistent and meaningful change in even the simplest idioms of the heroines, it becomes possible to study character development in an even clearer light than before. What emerges from this fascinating study is not a game with numbers, but rather the groundwork for more authoritative literary judgments.

Most readers and critics behave as though common prepositions, conjunctions, personal pronouns, and articles--the parts of speech which make up at least a third of fictional works in English--do not really exist. But far from being a largely inert linguistic mass which has a simple but uninteresting function, these words and their frequency of use can tell us a great deal about the characters who speak them. In Computation into Criticism, he reveals that even in so early a novel as Northanger Abbey the major characters differ very sharply in the frequency with which each uses such words as "the," "of," "it," and "I." When, especially in the later novels, there is evidence of consistent and meaningful change in even the simplest idioms of the heroines, it becomes possible to study character development in an even clearer light than before. What emerges from this fascinating study is not a game with numbers, but rather the groundwork for more authoritative literary judgments.

Developed as the text for the basic computer architecture course at MIT, Computation Structures integrates a thorough coverage of digital logic design with a comprehensive presentation of computer architecture. It contains a wealth of information for those who design computers or work with computer systems, spanning the entire range of topics from analog circuit design to operating systems. Ward and Halstead seek to demystify the construction of computing hardware by illustrating systematically how it is built up from digital circuits through higher level components to processors and memories, and how its design is affected by its intended uses. Computation Structures is unusually broad in scope, considering many real world problems and tradeoff decisions faced by practicing engineers. These difficult choices are confronted and given careful attention throughout the book.Topics addressed include the digital abstraction; digital representations and notation; combinational devices and circuits; sequence and state; synthesis of digital systems; finite state machines; control structures and disciplines; performance measures and tradeoffs; communication; interpretation; microinterpreter architecture; microprogramming and microcode; single sequence machines; stack architectures; register architectures; reduced instruction set computers; memory architectures; processes and processor multiplexing; process synchronization; interrupts, priorities, and real time; directions and trends.Stephen A. Ward and Robert H. Halstead are both Associate Professors of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at MIT. Computation Structures is included in the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science series.

Taschenbuch Sehr guter Zustand, Eintrag auf Vorblatt Zustand: 6, Sehr gut - gebraucht, Taschenbuch Braun , 1987 , Computation of fluid motions in multiply connected domains, Wlodzimierz J. Prosnak

Deals with the automatic computation of special functions which appear in all areas of engineering and the physical sciences. Contains over 100 computer programs written by the authors and describes the algorithms to provide readers with specific information about each individual program. Consisting of three sections, the first one presents an introduction to the special function to be dealt with, its major properties, and several formulas needed for its computation. The second segment features algorithms for computing the special function and the related quantities and lists corresponding Fortran-77 programs. The final part tabulates representative results to offer a quick outlook on the function's behavior and to check the computed results. The accompanying disk contains all the computer programs discussed in the text.

Deals with the automatic computation of special functions which appear in all areas of engineering and the physical sciences. Contains over 100 computer programs written by the authors and describes the algorithms to provide readers with specific information about each individual program. Consisting of three sections, the first one presents an introduction to the special function to be dealt with, its major properties, and several formulas needed for its computation. The second segment features algorithms for computing the special function and the related quantities and lists corresponding Fortran-77 programs. The final part tabulates representative results to offer a quick outlook on the function's behavior and to check the computed results. The accompanying disk contains all the computer programs discussed in the text.

This book offers a critical reconstruction of the fundamental ideas and methods in artificial intelligence (AI) research. By paying close attention to the metaphors of AI and their consequences for the field's patterns of success and failure, it argues for a reorientation of the field away from thought and toward activity. By considering computational ideas in a large, philosophical framework, the author eases critical dialogue between technology and the social sciences. AI can benefit from an understanding of the field in relation to human nature, and in return, it offers a powerful mode of investigation into the practicalities of physical realization. Researchers in AI and cognitive science will welcome this timely discussion.