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Ellen Sapega’s study documents artistic responses to images of the Portuguese nation promoted by Portugal’s Office of State Propaganda under António de Oliveira Salazar. Combining archival research with current theories informing the areas of memory studies, visual culture, women’s autobiography, and postcolonial studies, the author follows the trajectory of three well-known cultural figures working in Portugal and its colonies during the 1930s and 1940s. The book begins with an analysis of official Salazarist culture as manifested in two state-sponsored commemorative events: the 1938 contest to discover the “Most Portuguese Village in Portugal” and the 1940 Exposition of the Portuguese-Speaking World. While these events fulfilled their role as state propaganda, presenting a patriotic and unambiguous view of Portugal’s past and present, other cultural projects of the day pointed to contradictions inherent in the nation’s social fabric. In their responses to the challenging conditions faced by writers and artists during this period and the government’s relentless promotion of an increasingly conservative and traditionalist image of Portugal, José de Almada Negreiros, Irene Lisboa, and Baltasar Lopes subtly proposed revisions and alternatives to official views of Portuguese experience.These authors questioned and rewrote the metaphors of collective Portuguese and Lusophone identity employed by the ideologues of Salazar’s Estado Novo regime to ensure and administer the consent of the national populace. It is evident, today, that their efforts resulted in the creation of vital, enduring texts and cultural artifacts.

Ellen Sapega’s study documents artistic responses to images of the Portuguese nation promoted by Portugal’s Office of State Propaganda under António de Oliveira Salazar. Combining archival research with current theories informing the areas of memory studies, visual culture, women’s autobiography, and postcolonial studies, the author follows the trajectory of three well-known cultural figures working in Portugal and its colonies during the 1930s and 1940s. The book begins with an analysis of official Salazarist culture as manifested in two state-sponsored commemorative events: the 1938 contest to discover the “Most Portuguese Village in Portugal” and the 1940 Exposition of the Portuguese-Speaking World. While these events fulfilled their role as state propaganda, presenting a patriotic and unambiguous view of Portugal’s past and present, other cultural projects of the day pointed to contradictions inherent in the nation’s social fabric. In their responses to the challenging conditions faced by writers and artists during this period and the government’s relentless promotion of an increasingly conservative and traditionalist image of Portugal, José de Almada Negreiros, Irene Lisboa, and Baltasar Lopes subtly proposed revisions and alternatives to official views of Portuguese experience.These authors questioned and rewrote the metaphors of collective Portuguese and Lusophone identity employed by the ideologues of Salazar’s Estado Novo regime to ensure and administer the consent of the national populace. It is evident, today, that their efforts resulted in the creation of vital, enduring texts and cultural artifacts.

At the close of the First World War, propaganda mapping played a crucial role in the creation of a consensus about German national territory.Under the Map of Germany provides a detailed and vivid analysis of the history and techniques of nationalist mapping in inter-war Germany. Using extensive archival documentation - including many previously undiscovered maps - the author charts the development of new concepts of national territory and the establishment of an effective propaganda mapping network. His research demonstrates that a consensus about the extent of the Greater German nation was not created by skillful Nazi propagandists, but by the collaborate efforts of respected scholars and nationalist activists during the Weimar Republic. Challenging the belief that national self-determination is a just cause, Under the Map of Germany reveals that national territories are not tangible entities that can be clearly delimited, but are artificial constructs open to a wide range of interpretations.

Raffaella A. Del Sarto examines the creation of Israel's neo-revisionist consensus about security threats and regional order, which took hold of Israeli politics and society after 2000 and persists today. The failed Oslo peace process and the trauma of the Second Palestinian Intifada triggered this shift to the right; conflicts with Hamas and Hezbollah and the inflammatory rhetoric of Iranian President Ahmadinejad additionally contributed to the creation of a general sense of being under siege. While Israel faces real security threats, Israeli governments have engaged in the politics of insecurity, promoting and amplifying a sense of besiegement. Lively political debate has been replaced by a general acceptance of the no-compromise approach to security and the Palestinians. The neo-revisionist right, represented by Benjamin Netanyahu and the Likud, has turned Israel away from the peace process and pushes maximalist territorial ambitions. But they have failed to offer a vision for an end to conflict, and there has been little debate about whether or not the hardline policies toward the region are counterproductive. Del Sarto explains this disappearance of dissent and examines the costs of Israel's policies. She concludes that Israel's feeling of being under siege has become entrenched, a two-state solution with the Palestinians is highly unlikely for the foreseeable future, and Israel's international isolation is likely to increase. Del Sarto's analysis of this tense political situation will interest scholars and students of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Middle East Studies, and International Relations.

Raffaella A. Del Sarto examines the creation of Israel's neo-revisionist consensus about security threats and regional order, which took hold of Israeli politics and society after 2000 and persists today. The failed Oslo peace process and the trauma of the Second Palestinian Intifada triggered this shift to the right; conflicts with Hamas and Hezbollah and the inflammatory rhetoric of Iranian President Ahmadinejad additionally contributed to the creation of a general sense of being under siege. While Israel faces real security threats, Israeli governments have engaged in the politics of insecurity, promoting and amplifying a sense of besiegement. Lively political debate has been replaced by a general acceptance of the no-compromise approach to security and the Palestinians. The neo-revisionist right, represented by Benjamin Netanyahu and the Likud, has turned Israel away from the peace process and pushes maximalist territorial ambitions. But they have failed to offer a vision for an end to conflict, and there has been little debate about whether or not the hardline policies toward the region are counterproductive. Del Sarto explains this disappearance of dissent and examines the costs of Israel's policies. She concludes that Israel's feeling of being under siege has become entrenched, a two-state solution with the Palestinians is highly unlikely for the foreseeable future, and Israel's international isolation is likely to increase. Del Sarto's analysis of this tense political situation will interest scholars and students of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Middle East Studies, and International Relations.

Geroid Tanquary Robinson (founder and first director of the Russian Institute at Columbia University; Chief of the U.S.S.R. Division, Research and Analysis Branch, U. S. Office of Strategic Services, 1941·45; holder of the Medal of Freedom) has produced a book that is, by general consensus, supreme in its field. The work makes a major contribution to the understanding of the struggle of the peasantry with the old landlords and the Imperial Government, and consequently offers an iltuminaling approach to the struggle between the Communist Government and the most stubborn and massive domestic force this Government has faced-the peasant opposition. 

Based on an extensive series of interviews with MPs and Peers from across Parliament, the book traces the dynamics of political debate on welfare both between and within parties; assesses the emergence of a new political consensus on welfare; details the welfare policy environment and the reform of Parliament under Labour; examines the extent to which MPs support developments in welfare policy; provides the most detailed assessment to date of MPs' attitudes to welfare and their views on the future of the welfare state under Blair and beyond and offers the first consideration of the role of the reconstituted House of Lords in the scrutiny of welfare policy."Welfare policy under New Labour" provides a timely examination of the role of Parliament in the policy process. It will prove invaluable to scholars and students of social policy and British politics and professionals working in social work and welfare policy. It also provides useful insights for those who wish to lobby Parliament in these fields.

At the close of the First World War, propaganda mapping played a crucial role in the creation of a consensus about German national territory.Under the Map of Germany provides a detailed and vivid analysis of the history and techniques of nationalist mapping in inter-war Germany. Using extensive archival documentation - including many previously undiscovered maps - the author charts the development of new concepts of national territory and the establishment of an effective propaganda mapping network. His research demonstrates that a consensus about the extent of the Greater German nation was not created by skillful Nazi propagandists, but by the collaborate efforts of respected scholars and nationalist activists during the Weimar Republic. Challenging the belief that national self-determination is a just cause, Under the Map of Germany reveals that national territories are not tangible entities that can be clearly delimited, but are artificial constructs open to a wide range of interpretations.

Under the influence of "revisionist" writings the history of the English Civil War has splintered. This is not to say that there was once consensus on how the revolution should be characterized or interpreted, but revisionism has now carved out different aspects of historical experience--such as economic, social, political, religious, and cultural--that once tended to be bound together. This book does not attempt to turn back the clock, nor to recreate what was undoubtedly in part a false coherence. But it does in fact suggest ways in which some of the starker discontinuities should be challenged. The editors maintain that reconnections should be made regarding the causes, course, and impact of the Civil War, and the pieces in this book aim to do so without without losing sight of the complexity of the issues at hand. Moreover, these articles afford some of the most stimulating writing on this topic to appear in the last twenty-five years.

The 2018 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC©) represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field. It is the sixth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users. The UPC is designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary plumbing systems while, at the same time, allowing latitude for innovation and new technologies. Key changes to the 2018 UPC include: -New sound transmission provisions for plumbing piping systems (Chapter 3) -New product standards for plumbing fixtures such as wall hung fixtures, waste fittings, lavatories, showers, bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs, flushometer valves, sinks and eyewash stations; and signage for single use toilet facilities (Chapter 4) -New provisions for connector capacities for elbows in connectors, minimum capacity for storage water heaters and clearance to combustible materials (Chapter 5) -New backflow protection provisions for chemical dispensers, new material provisions for pipes, tubes, fittings and joint methods for water supply and distribution, and new pressure testing for the hot and cold-water supply system (Chapter 6) -New materials requirements for drain, waste, vent pipe and fittings (Chapter 7) -New provisions for trap seal primers for potable water supply (Chapter 10) -New provisions for engineered storm drainage systems (Chapter 11) -New requirements for piping material, overpressure protection and gas piping installation for fuel gas piping systems (Chapter 12) -New requirements for medical gas and vacuum systems based on latest edition of NFPA 99 (Chapter 13)

The 2015 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC©) represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field. It is the fifth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users.

The question of why New Yorkers were such reluctant revolutionaries has long bedeviled historians. In an innovative study of New York City between 1763 and 1776, Joseph S. Tiedemann explains how conscientiously residents labored to build a consensus under difficult circumstances. New Yorkers acted the way they did not because they were mostly loyalist or because a few patrician conservatives were able to stem the tide of revolution but because the population of their city was so heterogeneous that consensus was not easily achieved.Differences within the city's pluralistic population slowed the process of hammering out a course of action acceptable to the large majority. The consensus that finally emerged had to be cautious rather than militant in order to unite as many people as possible behind the revolutionary banner. Ultimately, the time it took was far less significant, Tiedemann notes, than the fact that New York proceeded to declare independence, and went on to become a pivotal state in the new nation.In framing his argument, Tiedemann explains the limitations of interpretations offered by both progressive, New Left, and consensus historians. Citing the work of scholars as diverse as Walter Laqueur, Theda Skocpol, and Louis Kreisberg, Tiedemann pays close attention to the dynamics of British colonial rule and its impact on New York.

The 2012 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) represents the most current approaches in the mechanical field.  It is the fourth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users.The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) is the premier non-profit membership based organization that specializes in developing standards and excellent in the Plumbing and Mechanical Industry since 1926. We represent a unique mix of governmental representatives, industry representatives and tradespeople all sharing a common interest - safe and efficient plumbing and mechanical systems through the development, application and enforcement of the Uniform Codes. Some of the many areas where we publish include: -Uniform codes in the Plumbing, Mechanical, Solar Energy, and Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub and Green segments -Study guides & training manuals -State codes -Local codes

to arrive at some temporary consensus model or models; and to present reliable physical data pertaining to water under a range of conditions, i.e., "Dorsey revisited," albeit on a less ambitious scale. I should like to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to several of my col­ leagues, to Prof. D. J. G. Ives and Prof. Robert L. Kay for valuable guidance and active encouragement, to the contributors to this volume for their willing cooperation, and to my wife and daughters for the understanding shown to a husband and father who hid in his study for many an evening. My very special thanks go to Mrs. Joyce Johnson, who did all the cor­ respondence and much of the arduous editorial work with her usual cheerful efficiency. F. FRANKS Biophysics Division Unilever Research Laboratory ColworthjWelwyn Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford March 1972 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction-Water, the Unique Chemical F. Franks I. lntroduction ........................................ . 2. The Occurrence and Distribution of Water on the Earth 2 3. Water and Life ...................................... 4 4. The Scientific Study of Water-A Short History ........ 8 5. The Place of Water among Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . Chapter 2 The Water Moleeule C. W. Kern and M. Karplus 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . 2. Principles of Structure and Spectra: The Born-Oppenheimer Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Electronic Motion ............................... 26 3.1. The Ground Electronic State of Water ............ 31 3.2. The Excited Electronic States of Water ........... 50 4. The Nuclear Motion ................................. 52 5. External-Field Effects ................................. 70 5.1. Perturbed Hartree-Fock Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . . .

The question of why New Yorkers were such reluctant revolutionaries has long bedeviled historians. In an innovative study of New York City between 1763 and 1776, Joseph S. Tiedemann explains how conscientiously residents labored to build a consensus under difficult circumstances. New Yorkers acted the way they did not because they were mostly loyalist or because a few patrician conservatives were able to stem the tide of revolution but because the population of their city was so heterogeneous that consensus was not easily achieved.Differences within the city's pluralistic population slowed the process of hammering out a course of action acceptable to the large majority. The consensus that finally emerged had to be cautious rather than militant in order to unite as many people as possible behind the revolutionary banner. Ultimately, the time it took was far less significant, Tiedemann notes, than the fact that New York proceeded to declare independence, and went on to become a pivotal state in the new nation.In framing his argument, Tiedemann explains the limitations of interpretations offered by both progressive, New Left, and consensus historians. Citing the work of scholars as diverse as Walter Laqueur, Theda Skocpol, and Louis Kreisberg, Tiedemann pays close attention to the dynamics of British colonial rule and its impact on New York.

The 2018 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC©) represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field. It is the sixth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users. The UPC is designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary plumbing systems while, at the same time, allowing latitude for innovation and new technologies. Key changes to the 2018 UPC include: -New sound transmission provisions for plumbing piping systems (Chapter 3) -New product standards for plumbing fixtures such as wall hung fixtures, waste fittings, lavatories, showers, bathtubs and whirlpool bathtubs, flushometer valves, sinks and eyewash stations; and signage for single use toilet facilities (Chapter 4) -New provisions for connector capacities for elbows in connectors, minimum capacity for storage water heaters and clearance to combustible materials (Chapter 5) -New backflow protection provisions for chemical dispensers, new material provisions for pipes, tubes, fittings and joint methods for water supply and distribution, and new pressure testing for the hot and cold-water supply system (Chapter 6) -New materials requirements for drain, waste, vent pipe and fittings (Chapter 7) -New provisions for trap seal primers for potable water supply (Chapter 10) -New provisions for engineered storm drainage systems (Chapter 11) -New requirements for piping material, overpressure protection and gas piping installation for fuel gas piping systems (Chapter 12) -New requirements for medical gas and vacuum systems based on latest edition of NFPA 99 (Chapter 13)

The 2015 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC©) represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field. It is the fifth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users.

The 2015 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC©) represents the most current approaches in the mechanical field.  It is the fifth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users. The UMC provides complete requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration systems, while at the same time allowing latitude for innovations and new technologies.

The 2015 edition of the Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC©) represents the most current approaches in the mechanical field.  It is the fifth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users. The UMC provides complete requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling and refrigeration systems, while at the same time allowing latitude for innovations and new technologies.

The 2012 edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) represents the most current approaches in the plumbing field.  It is the fourth edition developed under the ANSI Consensus process is designated as an American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contributions to the content of this code were made by every segment of the built industry, including such diverse interests as consumers, enforcing authorities, installers/maintainers, labor, manufacturers, research/standards/ testing laboratories, special experts and users.The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) is the premier non-profit membership based organization that specializes in developing standards and excellent in the Plumbing and Mechanical Industry since 1926. We represent a unique mix of governmental representatives, industry representatives and tradespeople all sharing a common interest - safe and efficient plumbing and mechanical systems through the development, application and enforcement of the Uniform Codes. Some of the many areas where we publish include: -Uniform codes in the Plumbing, Mechanical, Solar Energy, and Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub and Green segments -Study guides & training manuals -State codes -Local codes