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Reasoning is an integral part of intelligent systems in fields like databases, logic programming, robotics, knowledge engineering, human/computer interfaces, programming environments, etc. In reality any such system has to cope with a changing world and its dynamics. Hence it is of great importance that reasoning must account for coping with change in order to be truly useful in practice. The book comprises several contributions to current ways of approaching this problem. On the one hand it surveys and synthesizes recent research work, while on the other hand new research results are included. Among the topics treated are logics for reasoning about actions and planning, belief revision and the reconciliation of logically conflicting inputs, resolving of conflicts by merging of knowledge and issues in the evolution in object-oriented databases. The book is aimed at the researcher and advanced student active in this field.

Assembles the author's essential essays exploring themes ranging from the interdependence of history and sociology to the need to go beyond nationalist history toward a history of the entire process of cultural development.

Assembles the author's essential essays exploring themes ranging from the interdependence of history and sociology to the need to go beyond nationalist history toward a history of the entire process of cultural development.

Reasoning is an integral part of intelligent systems in fields like databases, logic programming, robotics, knowledge engineering, human/computer interfaces, programming environments, etc. In reality any such system has to cope with a changing world and its dynamics. Hence it is of great importance that reasoning must account for coping with change in order to be truly useful in practice. The book comprises several contributions to current ways of approaching this problem. On the one hand it surveys and synthesizes recent research work, while on the other hand new research results are included. Among the topics treated are logics for reasoning about actions and planning, belief revision and the reconciliation of logically conflicting inputs, resolving of conflicts by merging of knowledge and issues in the evolution in object-oriented databases. The book is aimed at the researcher and advanced student active in this field.

Book by Buzan, Barry, Herring, Eric

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Book by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky

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This volume collects almost two decades of joint work of Sergiu Hart and Andreu Mas-Colell on game dynamics and equilibria. The starting point was the introduction of the adaptive strategy called regret-matching, which on the one hand is simple and natural, and on the other is shown to lead to correlated equilibria. This initial finding -- boundedly rational behavior that yields fully rational outcomes in the long run -- generated a large body of work on the dynamics of simple adaptive strategies. In particular, a natural condition on dynamics was identified: uncoupledness, whereby decision-makers do not know each other's payoffs and utilities (so, while chosen actions may be observable, the motivations are not). This condition turns out to severely limit the equilibria that can be reached. Interestingly, there are connections to the behavioral and neurobiological sciences and also to computer science and engineering (e.g., via notions of "regret").Simple Adaptive Strategies is self-contained and unified in its presentation. Together with the formal treatment of concepts, theorems, and proofs, significant space is devoted to informal explanations and illuminating examples. It may be used for advanced graduate courses -- in game theory, economics, mathematics, computer science, engineering -- and for further research.

Technology and its exploitation are fundamental to the success of many organisations - however effective management of this valuable resource can be challenging. Roadmapping provides a structured approach to manage these challenges efficiently so that well-informed decisions can be made and appropriate actions taken. Illustrated by examples from a range of sectors, this book provides both practitioners and academics with a comprehensive introduction to the concept and practice of roadmapping. Used to support strategy and innovation in companies and other organisations, roadmapping enables key technical and commercial perspectives to be captured and aligned around a common purpose. Communication is a key benefit, enabled by the visual nature of roadmaps. The approach can be readily customised to address the particular strategic needs and issues facing individual firms. The book describes practical approaches for supporting the efficient initiation of roadmapping, for both products and other more general strategic applications. These `fast-start', workshop-based methods have been developed and tested over a period of ten years, in a wide variety of situations. Implementation factors are considered, including how roadmapping can be used with other strategic management tools and processes, and how roadmaps can be developed to support the communication of strategy. The authors are all based at the Centre for Technology Management at the University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing, an international centre of expertise in roadmapping. Building on more than a decade of research, the techniques described have been applied in over 200 projects around the world, in collaboration with companies, government agencies and other organisations.

Unread book in perfect condition.

Technology and its exploitation are fundamental to the success of many organisations - however effective management of this valuable resource can be challenging. Roadmapping provides a structured approach to manage these challenges efficiently so that well-informed decisions can be made and appropriate actions taken. Illustrated by examples from a range of sectors, this book provides both practitioners and academics with a comprehensive introduction to the concept and practice of roadmapping. Used to support strategy and innovation in companies and other organisations, roadmapping enables key technical and commercial perspectives to be captured and aligned around a common purpose. Communication is a key benefit, enabled by the visual nature of roadmaps. The approach can be readily customised to address the particular strategic needs and issues facing individual firms. The book describes practical approaches for supporting the efficient initiation of roadmapping, for both products and other more general strategic applications. These `fast-start', workshop-based methods have been developed and tested over a period of ten years, in a wide variety of situations. Implementation factors are considered, including how roadmapping can be used with other strategic management tools and processes, and how roadmaps can be developed to support the communication of strategy. The authors are all based at the Centre for Technology Management at the University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing, an international centre of expertise in roadmapping. Building on more than a decade of research, the techniques described have been applied in over 200 projects around the world, in collaboration with companies, government agencies and other organisations.

This series of lectures aims to address three main questions that anyone interested in the study of nonlinear dynamics should ask and ponder over. What is nonlinear dynamics and how does it differ from linear dynamics which permeates all familiar textbooks? Why should the physicist study nonlinear systems and leave the comfortable territory of linearity? How can one progress in the study of nonlinear systems both in the analysis of these systems and in learning about new systems from observing their experimental behavior? While it is impossible to answer these questions in the finest detail, this series of lectures nonetheless successfully points the way for the interested reader. Other useful problems have also been incorporated as a study guide. By presenting both substantial qualitative information about phenomena in nonlinear systems and at the same time sufficient quantitative material, the author hopes that readers would learn how to progress on their own in the study of such similar material hereon.

This series of lectures aims to address three main questions that anyone interested in the study of nonlinear dynamics should ask and ponder over. What is nonlinear dynamics and how does it differ from linear dynamics which permeates all familiar textbooks? Why should the physicist study nonlinear systems and leave the comfortable territory of linearity? How can one progress in the study of nonlinear systems both in the analysis of these systems and in learning about new systems from observing their experimental behavior? While it is impossible to answer these questions in the finest detail, this series of lectures nonetheless successfully points the way for the interested reader. Other useful problems have also been incorporated as a study guide. By presenting both substantial qualitative information about phenomena in nonlinear systems and at the same time sufficient quantitative material, the author hopes that readers would learn how to progress on their own in the study of such similar material hereon.

World Dynamics represents a call to arms against this futility. It shows the opportunity for bringing the world of man into equilibrium with the forces of his environment while there still remains time and maneuvering room. Man throughout history has focused on growth growth in population, standard of living, and geographical boundaries. But in the fixed space of the world, growth must in time give way to equilibrium. Malthus had postulated food supply as the ultimate limiting factor, but Professor Forrester suggests that pollution, crowding, and depletion of resources can play equally critical roles. Industrialization may be a more fundamental threat than population. Due to limitations of the environment, the entire world may not be able to rise to the standard of living that has been set as an example by the industrialized countries. Goals and aspirations of all countries must be drastically readjusted as growth and expansion give way to world equilibrium. The book is the first step towards adapting the principles of System Dynamics to the behavior of the forces involved in the transition from growth to world equilibrium. A stable enduring world equilibrium may require a combination of social, economic, and technical changes that include such counterintuitive policies as reducing the present emphasis on food production and industrialization Since its publication, the book has received world-wide notice and has catalyzed debate over the necessity of achieving world equilibrium. In this second edition, an additional chapter discusses the importance of social limits to growth. Author: Jay W. Forrester 1973 (Originally published in 1971).

World Dynamics represents a call to arms against this futility. It shows the opportunity for bringing the world of man into equilibrium with the forces of his environment while there still remains time and maneuvering room. Man throughout history has focused on growth growth in population, standard of living, and geographical boundaries. But in the fixed space of the world, growth must in time give way to equilibrium. Malthus had postulated food supply as the ultimate limiting factor, but Professor Forrester suggests that pollution, crowding, and depletion of resources can play equally critical roles. Industrialization may be a more fundamental threat than population. Due to limitations of the environment, the entire world may not be able to rise to the standard of living that has been set as an example by the industrialized countries. Goals and aspirations of all countries must be drastically readjusted as growth and expansion give way to world equilibrium. The book is the first step towards adapting the principles of System Dynamics to the behavior of the forces involved in the transition from growth to world equilibrium. A stable enduring world equilibrium may require a combination of social, economic, and technical changes that include such counterintuitive policies as reducing the present emphasis on food production and industrialization Since its publication, the book has received world-wide notice and has catalyzed debate over the necessity of achieving world equilibrium. In this second edition, an additional chapter discusses the importance of social limits to growth. Author: Jay W. Forrester 1973 (Originally published in 1971).

Everyone knows the small-world phenomenon: soon after meeting a stranger, we are surprised to discover that we have a mutual friend, or we are connected through a short chain of acquaintances. In his book, Duncan Watts uses this intriguing phenomenon--colloquially called "six degrees of separation"--as a prelude to a more general exploration: under what conditions can a small world arise in any kind of network? The networks of this story are everywhere: the brain is a network of neurons; organisations are people networks; the global economy is a network of national economies, which are networks of markets, which are in turn networks of interacting producers and consumers. Food webs, ecosystems, and the Internet can all be represented as networks, as can strategies for solving a problem, topics in a conversation, and even words in a language. Many of these networks, the author claims, will turn out to be small worlds. How do such networks matter? Simply put, local actions can have global consequences, and the relationship between local and global dynamics depends critically on the network's structure. Watts illustrates the subtleties of this relationship using a variety of simple models---the spread of infectious disease through a structured population; the evolution of cooperation in game theory; the computational capacity of cellular automata; and the sychronisation of coupled phase-oscillators. Watts's novel approach is relevant to many problems that deal with network connectivity and complex systems' behaviour in general: How do diseases (or rumours) spread through social networks? How does cooperation evolve in large groups? How do cascading failures propagate through large power grids, or financial systems? What is the most efficient architecture for an organisation, or for a communications network? This fascinating exploration will be fruitful in a remarkable variety of fields, including physics and mathematics, as well as sociology, economics, and biology.

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