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Methods of Orbital Maneuvering examines the use of direct methods in applied spacecraft trajectory optimization. A full breadth of orbit transfer topics is discussed, from the formation of initial guesses to the generation of a full, high-fidelity, multiple maneuver transfer that satisfies all mission constraints and objectives. The text starts with a review of single impulse maneuvers, and the two-impulse transfers between two terminals. Several chapters discuss search and optimization techniques for transfers between specified orbits using up to three impulses. A section is devoted to the incorporation of constraints in the search and optimization process. The text then describes the transformation of these simpler sequences into high fidelity, with multiple finite thrust maneuvers. Ultimately, techniques are described to optimize these high-fidelity, multiple maneuver trajectories. A chapter is devoted to describing constraints commonly seen in orbit transfer operations. A closing chapter discusses several operational topics, including the need for various error analyses, the creation of a spacecraft propellant budget, and processes for maneuver reconstruction and calibration. A culminating appendix delves into numerical simulation of thruster firing on a spacecraft, addressing the modeling of a variety of orbit adjust maneuver types. Contents 1 - Introduction 2 - Single-Impulse Maneuvers 3 - Transfers Between Two Defined Points 4 - Two-Impulse Search Techniques 5 - Two-Impulse Optimization 6 - Alternate Lambert Techniques 7 - Constrained Two-Impulse Transfer 8 - Two-Impulse Case Studies 9 - Optimization of Orbits 10 - Three-Impulse Transfer 11 - Simulating Multiple Maneuver, High-Fidelity Transfer Sequences 12 - Generating a Feasible Estimate of the Optimal High-Fidelity Sequence 13 - Common Mission Constraints 14 - Optimization of High-Fidelity Transfers 15 - Operational Considerations Appendix A Maneuver Modeling References Index Supporting Materials

One of the major challenges of modern space mission design is the orbital mechanics -- determining how to get a spacecraft to its destination using a limited amount of propellant. Recent missions such as Voyager and Galileo required gravity assist maneuvers at several planets to accomplish their objectives. Today's students of aerospace engineering face the challenge of calculating these types of complex spacecraft trajectories. This classroom-tested textbook takes its title from an elective course which has been taught to senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students for the past 22 years. The subject of orbital mechanics is developed starting from the first principles, using Newton's laws of motion and the law of gravitation to prove Kepler's empirical laws of planetary motion. Unlike many texts the authors also use first principles to derive other important results including Kepler's equation, Lambert's time-of-flight equation, the rocket equation, the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations of relative motion, Gauss' equations for the variation of the elements, and the Gauss and Laplace methods of orbit determination. The subject of orbit transfer receives special attention. Optimal orbit transfers such as the Hohmann transfer, minimum-fuel transfers using more than two impulses, and non-coplanar orbital transfer are discussed. Patched-conic interplanetary trajectories including gravity-assist maneuvers are the subject of an entire chapter and are particularly relevant to modern space missions.

One of the major challenges of modern space mission design is the orbital mechanics -- determining how to get a spacecraft to its destination using a limited amount of propellant. Recent missions such as Voyager and Galileo required gravity assist maneuvers at several planets to accomplish their objectives. Today's students of aerospace engineering face the challenge of calculating these types of complex spacecraft trajectories. This classroom-tested textbook takes its title from an elective course which has been taught to senior undergraduates and first-year graduate students for the past 22 years. The subject of orbital mechanics is developed starting from the first principles, using Newton's laws of motion and the law of gravitation to prove Kepler's empirical laws of planetary motion. Unlike many texts the authors also use first principles to derive other important results including Kepler's equation, Lambert's time-of-flight equation, the rocket equation, the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations of relative motion, Gauss' equations for the variation of the elements, and the Gauss and Laplace methods of orbit determination. The subject of orbit transfer receives special attention. Optimal orbit transfers such as the Hohmann transfer, minimum-fuel transfers using more than two impulses, and non-coplanar orbital transfer are discussed. Patched-conic interplanetary trajectories including gravity-assist maneuvers are the subject of an entire chapter and are particularly relevant to modern space missions.

This highly regarded book provides a bridge that spans spacecraft maneuvering and control techniques with associated physical fundamentals. Beginning with an examination of the basic principles of physics underlying spacecraft dynamics and control, the text covers orbital and attitude maneuvers, orbit establishment and orbit transfer, plane rotation, interplanetary transfer and hyperbolic passage, lunar transfer, reorientation with constant momentum, attitude determination, and attitude adjustment requirements. Additional topics include attitude control devices as well as automatic attitude control, orbital perturbations, and the fundamental methods of astrodynamics. A final chapter explores some special problems in this field. This treatment is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students and professional engineers in astronautics. Each chapter presents relevant exercises of varying difficulty, and the text includes a section of answers to selected exercises.

This highly regarded book provides a bridge that spans spacecraft maneuvering and control techniques with associated physical fundamentals. Beginning with an examination of the basic principles of physics underlying spacecraft dynamics and control, the text covers orbital and attitude maneuvers, orbit establishment and orbit transfer, plane rotation, interplanetary transfer and hyperbolic passage, lunar transfer, reorientation with constant momentum, attitude determination, and attitude adjustment requirements. Additional topics include attitude control devices as well as automatic attitude control, orbital perturbations, and the fundamental methods of astrodynamics. A final chapter explores some special problems in this field. This treatment is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students and professional engineers in astronautics. Each chapter presents relevant exercises of varying difficulty, and the text includes a section of answers to selected exercises.