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Empirical Generalizations about Marketing Impact: What We Have Learned from Academic Research surveys academic research to determine what we know about the impact of marketing activities on product and company performance. With over 80 contributions from leading marketing scholars, it summarizes current knowledge about the impact of marketing spending in 16 topic areas.

This text is the inaugural book in Taylor and Francis's GISDATA series, and is derived from the specialist workshop convened under the auspices of the European Science Foundation's GISDATA Scientific Programme. Generalisation is an integrating tool for the analysis and presentation of spatial data. Effective spatial data analysis requires multiple views of the world at various scales with different thematic layers of representation. Generalisation is a key mechanism in this process, as it filters out information which is required for particular scales or layers; hence it is critical to implement full and comprehensive generalisation capabilities in a GIS, something with which few current GIS are equipped.; This book overviews the core and as-yet unresolved issues surrounding the achievement of this goal, and presents various alternatives - both speculative views and practical examples - in the areas of automated generalisation, vis-a-vis problems such as object simplification and placement. At the same time it distinguishes between modelling with generalisation and graphical representation, and adopts a model-building perspective. It also describes artificial intelligence techniques for implementing automated generalised routines, and addresses issues of data quality and production.; The text is organized into six parts: an introduction; generic issue; object-orientated methods and knowledge-based modelling; knowledge acquisition and representation; data quality; and operation and implementation.

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These lecture notes provide a self-contained introduction to a wide range of generalizations of Hopf algebras. Multiplication of their modules is described by replacing the category of vector spaces with more general monoidal categories, thereby extending the range of applications. Since Sweedler's work in the 1960s, Hopf algebras have earned a noble place in the garden of mathematical structures. Their use is well accepted in fundamental areas such as algebraic geometry, representation theory, algebraic topology, and combinatorics. Now, similar to having moved from groups to groupoids, it is becoming clear that generalizations of Hopf algebras must also be considered. This book offers a unified description of Hopf algebras and their generalizations from a category theoretical point of view. The author applies the theory of liftings to Eilenberg–Moore categories to translate the axioms of each considered variant of a bialgebra (or Hopf algebra) to a bimonad (or Hopf monad) structure on a suitable functor. Covered structures include bialgebroids over arbitrary algebras, in particular weak bialgebras, and bimonoids in duoidal categories, such as bialgebras over commutative rings, semi-Hopf group algebras, small categories, and categories enriched in coalgebras. Graduate students and researchers in algebra and category theory will find this book particularly useful. Including a wide range of illustrative examples, numerous exercises, and completely worked solutions, it is suitable for self-study.

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The word holor is a term coined by the authors to describe a mathematical entity that is made up of one or more independent quantities, and includes complex numbers, scalars, vectors, matrices, tensors, quaternions, and other hypernumbers. Holors, thus defined, have been known for centuries but each has been developed more or less independently, accompanied by separate nomenclature and theory. This book demonstrates how these complicated subjects can be made simple by using a single notation that applies to all holors, both tensor and nontensor. The authors consider all possible types of holors and develop holor algebra and holor calculus in the most general sense. Thus the reader will learn to develop a new holor that fits the application, rather than forcing an application onto a holor representation that is known but that does not perfectly describe the application. The discussion includes nontensors having no transformation and holors that transform in more complicated ways than allowed with ordinary tensors. This opens up the possibility to devise a holor for a new physical application, without being limited to a few conventional types of holor. This book should establish a method by which students and teachers can learn vector and tensor analysis via a uniform treatment. Graduate students and professionals in engineering, physics. applied mathematics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and other analytical sciences should find this to be a useful and innovative work.

The word holor is a term coined by the authors to describe a mathematical entity that is made up of one or more independent quantities, and includes complex numbers, scalars, vectors, matrices, tensors, quaternions, and other hypernumbers. Holors, thus defined, have been known for centuries but each has been developed more or less independently, accompanied by separate nomenclature and theory. This book demonstrates how these complicated subjects can be made simple by using a single notation that applies to all holors, both tensor and nontensor. The authors consider all possible types of holors and develop holor algebra and holor calculus in the most general sense. Thus the reader will learn to develop a new holor that fits the application, rather than forcing an application onto a holor representation that is known but that does not perfectly describe the application. The discussion includes nontensors having no transformation and holors that transform in more complicated ways than allowed with ordinary tensors. This opens up the possibility to devise a holor for a new physical application, without being limited to a few conventional types of holor. This book should establish a method by which students and teachers can learn vector and tensor analysis via a uniform treatment. Graduate students and professionals in engineering, physics. applied mathematics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and other analytical sciences should find this to be a useful and innovative work.

Finite Markov Chains: With a New Appendix "Generalization of a Fundamental Matrix"

This book investigates the nature of generalization in language and examines how language is known by adults and acquired by children. It looks at how and why constructions are learned, the relation between their forms and functions, and how cross-linguistic and language-internal generalizations about them can be explained. Constructions at Work is divided into three parts: in the first Professor Goldberg provides an overview of constructionist approaches, including the constructionist approach to argument structure, and argues for a usage-based model of grammar. In Part II she addresses issues concerning how generalizations are constrained and constructional generalizations are learned. In Part III the author shows that a combination of function and processing accounts for a wide range of language-internal and cross-linguistic generalizations. She then considers the degree to which the function of constructions explains their distribution and examines cross-linguistic tendencies in argument realization. She demonstrates that pragmatic and cognitive processes account for the data without appeal to stipulations that are language-specific.This book is an important contribution to the study of how language operates in the mind and in the world and how these operations relate. It is of central interest for scholars and graduate-level students in all branches of theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. It will also appeal to cognitive scientists and philosophers concerned with language and its acquisition.

This book investigates the nature of generalization in language and examines how language is known by adults and acquired by children. It looks at how and why constructions are learned, the relation between their forms and functions, and how cross-linguistic and language-internal generalizations about them can be explained. Constructions at Work is divided into three parts: in the first Professor Goldberg provides an overview of constructionist approaches, including the constructionist approach to argument structure, and argues for a usage-based model of grammar. In Part II she addresses issues concerning how generalizations are constrained and constructional generalizations are learned. In Part III the author shows that a combination of function and processing accounts for a wide range of language-internal and cross-linguistic generalizations. She then considers the degree to which the function of constructions explains their distribution and examines cross-linguistic tendencies in argument realization. She demonstrates that pragmatic and cognitive processes account for the data without appeal to stipulations that are language-specific.This book is an important contribution to the study of how language operates in the mind and in the world and how these operations relate. It is of central interest for scholars and graduate-level students in all branches of theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. It will also appeal to cognitive scientists and philosophers concerned with language and its acquisition.

This book describes the inferential and modeling advantages that this distribution, together with its generalizations and modifications, offers. The exposition systematically unfolds with many examples, tables, illustrations, and exercises. A comprehensive index and extensive bibliography also make this book an ideal text for a senior undergraduate and graduate seminar on statistical distributions, or for a short half-term academic course in statistics, applied probability, and finance.

These lecture notes provide a self-contained introduction to a wide range of generalizations of Hopf algebras. Multiplication of their modules is described by replacing the category of vector spaces with more general monoidal categories, thereby extending the range of applications. Since Sweedler's work in the 1960s, Hopf algebras have earned a noble place in the garden of mathematical structures. Their use is well accepted in fundamental areas such as algebraic geometry, representation theory, algebraic topology, and combinatorics. Now, similar to having moved from groups to groupoids, it is becoming clear that generalizations of Hopf algebras must also be considered. This book offers a unified description of Hopf algebras and their generalizations from a category theoretical point of view. The author applies the theory of liftings to Eilenberg–Moore categories to translate the axioms of each considered variant of a bialgebra (or Hopf algebra) to a bimonad (or Hopf monad) structure on a suitable functor. Covered structures include bialgebroids over arbitrary algebras, in particular weak bialgebras, and bimonoids in duoidal categories, such as bialgebras over commutative rings, semi-Hopf group algebras, small categories, and categories enriched in coalgebras. Graduate students and researchers in algebra and category theory will find this book particularly useful. Including a wide range of illustrative examples, numerous exercises, and completely worked solutions, it is suitable for self-study.

This is one author's examination of the whole matter of the search for social laws, written at a time in which thenatural sciences were abandoning the concept of fixed laws and replacing them with a concept of relativity.Originally published in 1930.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

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Finite Markov Chains: With a New Appendix "Generalization of a Fundamental Matrix"

The PEAK Generalization Module is the second installment of an evidence-based autism assessment and treatment guide. PEAK uses the best practices of Applied Behavior Analysis to guide the novice or skilled therapist through all the necessary steps towards effective treatment for persons with autism and related disorders. PEAK stands apart from all other treatment guides and protocols in a variety of ways. First, it contains a reliable and valid assessment for determining what skills are present and deficit in a learner's repertoire. Second, it contains clear directions for how to collect, summarize, and report data for caregivers. Finally, PEAK contains 184 Goals/Objectives that can be immediately used for integration into IEPs and other clinical protocols. PEAK's Generalization Module is the next generation of ABA Therapy. A radical departure from standard ABA begins with this module, as all skills are taught using a mixture of reinforced stimuli trials and tested-only stimuli trials. Extensive description is given on how to implement programs designed specifically for generalization to novel stimuli, instructors, and responses. Topics include: Common Core targets, intelligence test targets, short/long term memory development, creative behavior, abstraction to novel features/functions/classes, complex conversation skills, understanding emotions, and perspective taking. Don't settle for teaching only basic skills. Take the guess work out of what skills should come next in the learner's repertoire. PEAK will take the child with autism far beyond the other ABA treatment and program guides.

Cartan geometries were the first examples of connections on a principal bundle. They seem to be almost unknown these days, in spite of the great beauty and conceptual power they confer on geometry. The aim of the present book is to fill the gap in the literature on differential geometry by the missing notion of Cartan connections. Although the author had in mind a book accessible to graduate students, potential readers would also include working differential geometers who would like to know more about what Cartan did, which was to give a notion of "espaces généralisés" (= Cartan geometries) generalizing homogeneous spaces (= Klein geometries) in the same way that Riemannian geometry generalizes Euclidean geometry. In addition, physicists will be interested to see the fully satisfying way in which their gauge theory can be truly regarded as geometry.

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This is one author's examination of the whole matter of the search for social laws, written at a time in which thenatural sciences were abandoning the concept of fixed laws and replacing them with a concept of relativity.Originally published in 1930.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.