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How women increasingly became economic agents in early modern Europe is the focus of this stimulating book, which highlights how female agency was crucial for understanding the development of the Western European economy and sheds light on economic development today.Jan Luiten van Zanden, Tine De Moor and Sarah Carmichael argue that over centuries a "European Marriage Pattern" developed, characterized by high numbers of singles among men and women, high marriage ages among men and women, and neolocality, where the couple forms a new nuclear household and did not co-reside with the parents of either bride or groom. This was due to the influence of the Catholic Church's teachings of marriage based on consensus, the rise of labor markets, and institutions concerning property transfers between generations that enhanced wage labor by women. Over time an unprecedented demographic regime was created and embedded in a highly commercial environment in which households interacted frequently with labor, capital and commodity markets. This was one of the main causes of the gradual move away from a Malthusian state towards an economy able to generate long-term economic growth.The authors explore how the pattern was influenced by and influenced female human capital formation, access to the capital market, and participation in the labor market. They use numerous measures of economic activity, including the unique "Girlpower-Index" that measures the average age at first marriage of women minus the spousal age gap, with higher absolute age at marriage and lower spousal age gap both indicating greater female agency and autonomy. The book also examines how this measure can increase understanding of contemporary dynamics of women and the economy. The authors thus shed light on the degree to which women are allowed to play an influential role in and on the economy and society, which varies greatly from one society to another.

States of Credit provides the first comprehensive look at the joint development of representative assemblies and public borrowing in Europe during the medieval and early modern eras. In this pioneering book, David Stasavage argues that unique advances in political representation allowed certain European states to gain early and advantageous access to credit, but the emergence of an active form of political representation itself depended on two underlying factors: compact geography and a strong mercantile presence. Stasavage shows that active representative assemblies were more likely to be sustained in geographically small polities. These assemblies, dominated by mercantile groups that lent to governments, were in turn more likely to preserve access to credit. Given these conditions, smaller European city-states, such as Genoa and Cologne, had an advantage over larger territorial states, including France and Castile, because mercantile elites structured political institutions in order to effectively monitor public credit. While creditor oversight of public funds became an asset for city-states in need of finance, Stasavage suggests that the long-run implications were more ambiguous. City-states with the best access to credit often had the most closed and oligarchic systems of representation, hindering their ability to accept new economic innovations. This eventually transformed certain city-states from economic dynamos into rentier republics. Exploring the links between representation and debt in medieval and early modern Europe, States of Credit contributes to broad debates about state formation and Europe's economic rise.

Exlibrary with usual library markings. Some cover wear. ; 574 pages

This volume is a pioneering effort to examine the social, demographic, and economic changes that befell the Jewish communities of Central Europe after the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire. It consists of studies researched and written especially for this volume by historians, sociologists, and economists, all specialists in modern Central European Jewish affairs. The era of national rivalry, economic crises, and political confusion between the two World Wars has been preceded by a pre-World War I epoch of Jewish emancipation and assimilation. During that period, Jewish minorities had been harbored from violent anti-Semitism by the Empire, and they became torchbearers of industrialization and modernization. This common destiny encouraged certain common characteristics in the three major components of the Empire, Austria, Hungary, and the Czech territories, despite the very different origins of the well over one million Jews in those three lands. The disintegration of the Habsburg Empire created three small, economically marginal national states, inimical to each other and at liberty to create their own policies toward Jews in accord with the preferences of their respective ruling classes. Active and openly discriminatory anti-Semitic measures resulted in Austria and Hungary. The only liberal heir country of the Empire was Czechoslovakia, although simmering anti-Semitism and below surface discrimination were widespread in Slovakia. While one might have expected Jewish communities to return to their pre-World War I tendencies to go their independent ways after the introduction of these policies, social and economic patterns which had evolved in the Habsburg era persisted until the Anschluss in Austria, German occupation in Czechoslovakia, and World War II in Hungary. Studies in this volume attest to continuing similarities among the three Jewish communities, testifying to the depth of the Empire’s long lasting impact on the behavior of Jews in Central Europe.

This book is a comprehensive reference book and a commentary on the basic documents regarding relations between the EU and the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 2006. It contains all significant official and unofficial documents, in English and Chinese, about EU-China relations since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Since the opening-up of China in 1979, and especially after the establishment of the EU in 1992, relations between the EU and China have developed apace. Today, the EU and China are 'strategic partners' with a very broad-based relationship extending far beyond trade to encompass a growing number of important economic, political, social, and cultural domains. The relationship is certain to gain in importance with increasing globalization, EU expansion, Chinese membership of the World Trade Organization, the renewal and development of China, changes in the international trading system, and changes in international politics. The book provides an indispensable foundation for teaching, research, policy-making, and advising on EU-China relations. It includes both documents originally published in English and English translations of documents previously available only in Chinese. Essential to every library, it will also be required reading for students, teachers, researchers, policy-makers, legal practitioners, and government officials in the EU, China, the US, and elsewhere.

A comprehensive analysis of European craft guilds through eight centuries of economic historyGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question.Sheilagh Ogilvie’s book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”―women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others―desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups―guild members and political elites.Exploring guilds’ inner workings across eight centuries, The European Guilds shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy―for good or ill.

Unread book in perfect condition.

. . . . 2nd ed. 8vo, paperback. Good condition. Ex-lib copy w/ front bookplate, stamp on title pg, rear pocket & spine label removed, leaving scuff-spot; covers lightly rubbed, contents bright & clean, unmarked, binding tight. xxxiii, 387 p. Revised and extended version of the book published in 1983 with W. Cairns as co-author.

This book will appeal to those with an interest in evolutionary economics, economic development and the history of economic thought.

Unread book in perfect condition.

A comprehensive analysis of European craft guilds through eight centuries of economic historyGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question.Sheilagh Ogilvie’s book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”―women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others―desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. She investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good but because they benefited two powerful groups―guild members and political elites.Exploring guilds’ inner workings across eight centuries, The European Guilds shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy―for good or ill.

In 1945, many Europeans still heated with coal, cooled their food with ice, and lacked indoor plumbing. Today, things could hardly be more different. Over the second half of the twentieth century, the average European's buying power tripled, while working hours fell by a third. The European Economy since 1945 is a broad, accessible, forthright account of the extraordinary development of Europe's economy since the end of World War II. Barry Eichengreen argues that the continent's history has been critical to its economic performance, and that it will continue to be so going forward. Challenging standard views that basic economic forces were behind postwar Europe's success, Eichengreen shows how Western Europe in particular inherited a set of institutions singularly well suited to the economic circumstances that reigned for almost three decades. Economic growth was facilitated by solidarity-centered trade unions, cohesive employers' associations, and growth-minded governments--all legacies of Europe's earlier history. For example, these institutions worked together to mobilize savings, finance investment, and stabilize wages. However, this inheritance of economic and social institutions that was the solution until around 1973--when Europe had to switch from growth based on brute-force investment and the acquisition of known technologies to growth based on increased efficiency and innovation--then became the problem. Thus, the key questions for the future are whether Europe and its constituent nations can now adapt their institutions to the needs of a globalized knowledge economy, and whether in doing so, the continent's distinctive history will be an obstacle or an asset.

European Union officials, mostly from the antitrust unit in charge of the telecommunications industry, and European academic economists spent a year investigating a number of key issues in the telecommunications sector, and presented their findings at a conference held in Brussels in September 2002, the proceedings of which are published here. Contributors from the two groups trade thoughts on the new regulatory telecommunications framework, market definition in the telecommunications markets, the economic analysis of collective dominance in those markets, economic aspects of access to networks, and UMTS as a case study of competition and allocation of scarce resources. Three short papers document a roundtable discussion. A final paper discusses monitoring competition in the sector with European Commission sector inquires. The main regulatory texts are appended. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Each title in 'The European Union' series introduces readers to the history, politics and culture of each member state, providing an insight into a growing political force on the international stage.

This study analyses the economic thought in Japan in the critical period from 1930 to 1945. It pays particular attention to how the contemporary Japanese received European and American ideas about the transformation of capitalism from a liberal to controlled or managed economy, and how they applied them to the economic system in Japan. They were interested in English thoughts for the reform of capitalism by the evolutionary ways: those of J. M. Keynes in his The End of Laissez-Faire, reformism of G.D.H. Cole and others. German thought of W. Rathenau and W. Sombart attracted the attention of reform-minded Japanese. The influence of National Socialism on them was far-reaching. This study analyses in detail how they accepted Nazism and amalgamated it into a traditional style of totalitarianism under the emperor system.

This book is a comprehensive reference book and a commentary on the basic documents regarding relations between the EU and the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 2006. It contains all significant official and unofficial documents, in English and Chinese, about EU-China relations since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Since the opening-up of China in 1979, and especially after the establishment of the EU in 1992, relations between the EU and China have developed apace. Today, the EU and China are 'strategic partners' with a very broad-based relationship extending far beyond trade to encompass a growing number of important economic, political, social, and cultural domains. The relationship is certain to gain in importance with increasing globalization, EU expansion, Chinese membership of the World Trade Organization, the renewal and development of China, changes in the international trading system, and changes in international politics. The book provides an indispensable foundation for teaching, research, policy-making, and advising on EU-China relations. It includes both documents originally published in English and English translations of documents previously available only in Chinese. Essential to every library, it will also be required reading for students, teachers, researchers, policy-makers, legal practitioners, and government officials in the EU, China, the US, and elsewhere.

NF. Only the mildest wear to wraps. Text immaculate

How far can tort liability expand without imposing excessive burdens upon individual activity? This comprehensive study of the subject uses a fact-based comparative method and in-depth research into the laws of thirteen European countries. Many events result in pure economic loss, such as a business being idled by the cut of electricity cables. This controversial issue raises questions which affect the law of tort and contract.

Unread book in perfect condition.

This book will appeal to those with an interest in evolutionary economics, economic development and the history of economic thought.