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CONTENTS 1. Linguistics and the A Priori 2. Singular Terms 3. Each and Every, Any and All 4. Verbs and Times 5. Facts and Events 6. Effects, Results and Consequences 7. The Grammar of Goodness Works Referred To Index

This pioneering volume approaches the languages and scripts of ancient Cyprus from an interdisciplinary point of view, with a primarily linguistic and epigraphic approach supplemented by a consideration of their historical and cultural context. The focus is on furthering our knowledge of the non-Greek languages/scripts, as well as appreciating their place in relation to the much better understood Greek language on the island. Following on from recent advances in Cypro-Minoan studies, these difficult, mostly Late Bronze Age inscriptions are reassessed from first principles. The same approach is taken for non-Greek languages written in the Cypriot Syllabic script during the first millennium BC, chiefly the one usually referred to as Eteocypriot. The final section is then dedicated to the Phoenician language, which was in use on Cyprus for some hundreds of years. The result is a careful reappraisal of these languages/scripts after more than a century of sometimes controversial scholarship.

This book explores English as an international language, and how and why it has become so dominant.

This book is intended primarily for upper-division undergraduates and beginning graduate students in English departments. It is also addressed to education students studying language arts and to students of linguistics who wish to explore practical applications of linguistics in one field -- literature. Each chapter starts with linguistic analysis of some aspect of the English language and then moves to applications of the linguistics in analyzing specific literary texts in English. In this respect our book differs from most others on linguistics and literary analysis, which usually start with a critical discussion of literary texts and then bring linguistics to bear on these texts. Our own emphasis stems from the conviction that a broad grounding in linguistics must be achieved before linguistic concepts can be applied usefully and systematically to any field, whether literature, pedagogy, or speech therapy. We have chosen to cover briefly a wide number of topics in linguistics, rather than a few in depth, because we believe the beginner needs to survey the field in general before selectiing a particular area for deeper study. This does not mean that all aspects of contemporary linguistics are covered; there is simply too much for one book or one course. Nor does it mean that we have restricted ourselves solely to those topics in linguistics that appear to be particularly illuminating in reading and interpreting literary texts. Rather, we have made a broad selection of topics central to contemporary linguistics, and within those we have further selected a number of topics that have proved, or could potentially prove, to be of considerable interest in literary criticism. Our general approach is that of "generative" linguistics, but we apply the term in the broadest sense, as the branch of linguistics devoted to accounting for our abilities as language-users both to utter and to understand new sentences.

Linguists usually discuss language or dialects in terms of groups of speakers. Believing that patterns can be seen more clearly in the group than the individual, researchers often present group scores with no indication of the variation within the group. Even though linguists acknowledge that no two individuals speak alike, few study individual variation and voice. Barbara Johnstone makes a case for the individual's importance and idiosyncrasies in language and linguistics. Using theoretical arguments and discourse analysis, along with linguistic examples from a variety of speakers and settings, Johnstone illustrates how speakers draw on linguistic models associated with class, ethnicity, gender, and region, among others, to construct an individual voice. In doing so Johnstone shows that certain important questions in sociolinguistics and pragmatics can only be answered with reference to individual speakers. Johnstone's study is important both for the understanding of speech as expressive of self, and for the study of variation and mechanisms of linguistic choice and change.

Linguistic Field Methods approaches the elicitation of linguistic data from native speaker informants in a novel and engaging manner. The authors follow introductory chapters surveying the general enterprise of field research with chapters exploring methods of eliciting data in eight major areas of current linguistic interest: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics and dialectology, and historical linguistics.

The contributors to this collection address issues of definition and theory of linguistic areas, analyze the process of convergence, and introduce methods to assess the impact of language contact across geographical zones. New case studies are accompanied by discussions that revisit some of the more well-established linguistic areas.

This book looks at the relationship between linguistic universals and language change. Reflecting the resurgence of work in both fields over the last two decades, it addresses two related issues of central importance in linguistics: the balance between synchronic and diachronic factors in accounting for universals of linguistic structure, and the means of distinguishing genuine aspects of a universal human cognitive capacity for language from regularities that may be traced to extraneous origins. The volume brings together specially commissioned work by leading scholars, including prominent representatives of generative and functional linguistics. It examines rival explanations for linguistic universals and assesses the effectiveness of competing models of language change. The authors investigate patterns and processes of grammatical and lexical change across a wide range of languages; they consider the degree to which common characteristics condition processes of change in related languages; and examine how far differences in linguistic outcomes may be explained by cultural or external factors. This book will interest the wide range of scholars in linguistics and related fields concerned with language change, historical linguistics, linguistic typology and universals, and the nature of the human language faculty

"In presenting interpretive maps one sometimes has to make arbitrary decisions about where to draw isoglosses. The footnotes on each lexical map gives full details of our practice in subsuming compounds or other variants under the form represented on the labelled distributional are, together with brief comments where necessary on the interpretation of the responses. The map legends for the morphological and syntactical sections of the atlas follow in general the pattern of the lexical legends and should be self-explanatory, though a note on the ordering of the entries in the morphological section may be useful. These are presented according to a system devised by Harold Orton." VERY GOOD HARDCOVER, the hinges of this heavy book have been repaired, else fine, slipcase is in good condition. Size: Folio - over 12" - 15" tall

A translation, revision, and expansion of the German work Sprachlicher Schluessel Zum Griechischen Neuen Testament. Provides grammatical identification of words with information concerning their voice, tense, case, or mood. Provides concise definitions of more importand words in each verse according to context.

Item in good condition. Textbooks may not include supplemental items i.e. CDs, access codes etc.

Linguistics for Non-Linguists, Fourth Edition, is a highly readable introduction to the basic elements of linguistics in a clear and concise style that any beginner will understand. This newly revised edition continues to expand on the success of earlier editions, taking a subject that is generally considered quite complicated and making it accessible to virtually anyone who requires a basic understanding of linguistics. The authors illustrate major concepts in an easy-to-read style, giving beginners and specialists in language-related fields an introduction to the essential principles and methods of linguistic theory. Non-linguistists will also find this book user-friendly, with a wealth of exercises and references interspersed throughout to help reinforce concepts. Specialists in language related fields, including Speech-Language Pathology, Experimental Phonetics, Communication, Education, and English as a Second Language, will find this to be a must-have reference for all courses.

Written by a team based at one of the world's leading centres for linguistic teaching and research, the second edition of this highly successful textbook offers a unified approach to language, viewed from a range of perspectives essential for students' understanding of the subject. Using clear explanations throughout, the book is divided into three main sections: sounds, words, and sentences. In each, the foundational concepts are introduced, along with their application to the fields of child language acquisition, psycholinguistics, language disorders, and sociolinguistics, giving the book a unique yet simple structure that helps students to engage with the subject more easily than other textbooks on the market. This edition includes a completely new section on sentence use, including an introduction and discussion of core areas of pragmatics and conversational analysis; coverage of sociolinguistic topics, introducing communities of practice; a wealth of new exercise material and updated further reading.

Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction is the successor to Sir John Lyons' important textbook Language, Meaning and Context (1981). While preserving the general structure of the earlier book, the author has substantially expanded its scope to introduce several topics that were not previously discussed, and to take account of new developments in linguistic semantics over the past decade. The resulting work is an invaluable guide to the subject, offering clarifications of its specialized terms and explaining its relationship to formal and philosophical and to contemporary semantics and pragmatics. With its clear and accessible style it will appeal to a wide student readership. Sir John Lyons is one of the most important and internationally renowned contributors to the study of linguistics. His many publications include his Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics (1968) and Semantics (1977).

A workbook supplement to Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication.

Seeks to demonstrate that the study of English poetry is enriched by the insights of modern linguistic analysis, and that linguistic and critical disciplines are not separate but complementary. Examining a wide range of poetry, Professor Leech considers many aspects of poetic style, including the language of past and present, creative language, poetic licence, repetition, sound, metre, context and ambiguity.

The task of the historian would be impossible without verbal resources for dating and describing past events. Historians from Herodotus onwards traditionally relied uncritically on their own native languages (including Greek, Latin and English) to provide all they needed. In so doing, they also took over a traditional Western view of the relationship between language, the world and the passage of time. This determined for them the rational limits of historical knowledge. Their 'histories' could not go beyond these limits without straying into the realms of myth or imagination. Their philosophy of history was circumscribed by their (often unstated) philosophy of language.This book is the first comprehensive attempt to trace the relationship between Western philosophy of history and Western philosophy of language. It spans the whole development of education from the ancient Greeks down to the present day. It examines the impact on history of modern movements, including structuralist and postmodern app

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Introduce your students to the beauty of literature through the doorway of poetry. Enrich vocabulary while infusing reliably correct and sophisticated English language patterns into students' minds.This teaching tool includes ninety-six poems and speeches as well as instructions, memory charts, certificates, and poet biographies are included. Spiral-bound soft cover.Linguistic Development through Poetry Memorization provides a system to reintroduce you and your children to a vital but often neglected source of powerful and sophisticated linguistic patterning available to children: memorized language, especially memorized poetry.