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Format Hardcover Subject Language Arts Disciplines Publisher Fordham University Press

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In this short monograph, John Horty explores the difficulties presented for Gottlob Frege's semantic theory, as well as its modern descendents, by the treatment of defined expressions.The book begins by focusing on the psychological constraints governing Frege's notion of sense, or meaning, and argues that, given these constraints, even the treatment of simple stipulative definitions led Frege to important difficulties. Horty is able to suggest ways out of these difficulties that are both philosophically and logically plausible and Fregean in spirit. This discussion is then connected to a number of more familiar topics, such as indexicality and the discussion of concepts in recent theories of mind and language.In the latter part of the book, after introducing a simple semantic model of senses as procedures, Horty considers the problems that definitions present for Frege's idea that the sense of an expression should mirror its grammatical structure. The requirement can be satisfied, he argues, only if defined expressions--and incomplete expressions as well--are assigned senses of their own, rather than treated contextually. He then explores one way in which these senses might be reified within the procedural model, drawing on ideas from work in the semantics of computer programming languages.With its combination of technical semantics and history of philosophy, Horty's book tackles some of the hardest questions in the philosophy of language. It should interest philosophers, logicians, and linguists.

In this short monograph, John Horty explores the difficulties presented for Gottlob Frege's semantic theory, as well as its modern descendents, by the treatment of defined expressions.The book begins by focusing on the psychological constraints governing Frege's notion of sense, or meaning, and argues that, given these constraints, even the treatment of simple stipulative definitions led Frege to important difficulties. Horty is able to suggest ways out of these difficulties that are both philosophically and logically plausible and Fregean in spirit. This discussion is then connected to a number of more familiar topics, such as indexicality and the discussion of concepts in recent theories of mind and language.In the latter part of the book, after introducing a simple semantic model of senses as procedures, Horty considers the problems that definitions present for Frege's idea that the sense of an expression should mirror its grammatical structure. The requirement can be satisfied, he argues, only if defined expressions--and incomplete expressions as well--are assigned senses of their own, rather than treated contextually. He then explores one way in which these senses might be reified within the procedural model, drawing on ideas from work in the semantics of computer programming languages.With its combination of technical semantics and history of philosophy, Horty's book tackles some of the hardest questions in the philosophy of language. It should interest philosophers, logicians, and linguists.

'Speaker's Meaning' is a study of language, charting the evolution of human consciousness through the gulf between a speaker's use of words and their lexical definition. This evolution is directly opposed to the currently held assumption that mind is a product of matter, and conscious awareness simply the reaction patterns of a stimulated organism. Barfield argues that there is an "inside" to both man and nature, and that the mutual development of both can be traced from pre-history to the present and future via the use of language.

Author Bill Neal has weeded through the Latin words that describe and distinguish plants and flowers and compiled a single volume of select definitions and gardening lore. Narcissus bulbocodium or Narcissus cyclamineus? Isabellinus, iadinus, ianthinus? Basilaris or basilicus? Today's gardeners encounter Latin terms like these whenever they enter garden centres or pick up mail-order catalogues. They must still, of course, decide whether dahlias or peonies will best complete that floral border. But new questions in an increasingly technical vocabulary are sprouting up among perennial concerns and demanding attention from devoted gardeners. As Latin terms appear with increasing frequency in garden centres and on the pages of gardening catalogues, we need such brief, clear definitions for the finite number of Latin terms that combine to form the names of a seemingly infinite number of plant species. Equally welcome are the little-known horticultural facts and fables which fill the broad margins of every page. "Gardener's Latin" is a book for the gardener who needs to know that a plant with isabellinus (tawing yellow) on its nursery tag might not belong in a carefully planned ianthinus (violet-blue) border. Or that the ostensibly similar basilaris and basilicus mean 'base' and 'royal', respectively. Bill Neal leads us down the path from abbreviatus to zonatus, turning aside here and there along the way for glimpses at gardens and gardeners from Virgil to Vita Sackville-West, from Gertrude Jekyll to Gertrude Stein. Patches of garden lore and literature are scattered throughout the beds of definition: why Narcissus cyclamineus is a horticultural joke; why basil is the herb of dread and suspicion; why Cleopatra's asp arrives in a basket of figs whenever "Antony and Cleopatra" is performed. Whether it's dahlias or peonies that will best complete a garden, "Gardener's Latin" is the book to complete any gardener's bookshelf.

FUN AND EASY WAY TO WRITE CHINESE! Learn Chinese characters with pictograms of 250 well-known root characters added to 3000 other characters. -856 most frequently-encountered characters in Chinese -Vocabulary -Color coding system -Full color illustrations -Character stroke order -Definitions -Hanyu pinyin Romanization -Compatible with levels 1-3 of the Chinese language proficiency test (HSK) standard.

François Recanati provides an original defense of "contextualism" in contribution to the current debate about the best definition of semantics and pragmatics. Is "What is said" determined by linguistic conventions, or is it an aspect of "speaker's meaning"? Do we need pragmatics to fix truth-conditions? What is "literal meaning"? To what extent is semantic composition a creative process? How pervasive is context-sensitivity? Recanati offers an informed survey of the spectrum of positions held by linguists and philosophers working at the semantics/pragmatics interface.

François Recanati provides an original defense of "contextualism" in contribution to the current debate about the best definition of semantics and pragmatics. Is "What is said" determined by linguistic conventions, or is it an aspect of "speaker's meaning"? Do we need pragmatics to fix truth-conditions? What is "literal meaning"? To what extent is semantic composition a creative process? How pervasive is context-sensitivity? Recanati offers an informed survey of the spectrum of positions held by linguists and philosophers working at the semantics/pragmatics interface.

Semantics is a core topic on the majority of undergraduate linguistic degree courses: it is the study of meaning in language, both in terms of definition and the way meanings are conveyed and vary within everyday situations.  This book provides a comprehensive introduction to approaches to meaning and presents the most popular and successful theories in a way that makes them accessible for undergraduates. It also explores how the boundry between semantics and pragmatics may be drawn and sums up a coherent picture of meaning in language system and in language use.

It is the "heartland," the home of the average—middle—American. Yet the definition of the Middle West, that most amorphous of regions, is elusive and changing. In historical, cultural, political, literary, and artistic terms the region is variously drawn. It is alternately praised as a pastoral oasis and damned as a cultural backwater, fostering wholesome pragmatism and crass materialism, home to people at once resilient and embittered, hardworking and complacent. From Willa Cather to Sherwood Anderson, from The Wizard of Oz to The Music Man, images of the Middle West are powerful and contradictory.In this thoughtful book, cultural geographer James R. Shortridge offers a historical probe into the "idea" of the Middle West. By exploring what this term originally meant and how it has changed over the past 150 years, he presents a fascinating look at the question of regional identity and its place in the collective consciousness. A work of unconventional geography based on extensive research in popular literature, this volume examines meaning, essence, character—the important intangibles of place not captured by statistical studies—and explores the intimate connections between the notion of pastoralism and the definition of the Middle West.

"The most comprehensive account of its subject now available, this impressive study lives up to the encyclopedic promise of its title." ―ChoiceThe Hebrew Folktale seeks to find and define the folk-elements of Jewish culture. Through the use of generic distinctions and definitions developed in folkloristics, Yassif describes the major trends―structural, thematic, and functional―of folk narrative in the central periods of Jewish culture.

FUN AND EASY WAY TO WRITE CHINESE! Learn Chinese characters with pictograms of 250 well-known root characters added to 3000 other characters. -856 most frequently-encountered characters in Chinese -Vocabulary -Color coding system -Full color illustrations -Character stroke order -Definitions -Hanyu pinyin Romanization -Compatible with levels 1-3 of the Chinese language proficiency test (HSK) standard.

In this clear, comprehensive, student-friendly textbook, biblical scholar and teacher Paula Gooder describes and illustrates the range of approaches to interpreting the New Testament, as taught in universities and seminaries throughout the English-speaking world. Top scholars give a short definition of a particular criticism, and then Gooder gives a practical example to demonstrate how that criticism can be applied to a biblical text. A very broad range of methods is introduced, from traditional criticisms such as source criticism and historical criticism to more modern methods such as feminist criticism and liberation criticism. Readers will understand how different meanings and emphases can be drawn from a text depending upon the method of interpretation chosen. They will also be given the skills to start analyzing and examining texts for themselves in a meaningful and insightful way.

This classic textbook brings together the meanings, proposals, and tasks involved in contextualization. Hesselgrave and Rommen explore the history of contextualization in the Bible and the Church while examining the proposals of prominent thinkers on this subject. They conclude with their own definition and approach to contextualization. Those who have come to expect expert analysis of contextualization from David Hesselgrave will not be disappointed with this work. "His Expertise," writes George Peters, "shines through in this book." Teaming up with Hesselgrave is Ed Rommen, who, according to Peters, is "becoming an authority in practical contextualization." Together they skillfully bring the labyrinth of meanings, proposals, and tasks of contextualization into clearer focus. The result, says Peters, "is the most comprehensive treatise on the subject produced by evangelical scholars." The authors survey the history of contextualization in Bible and church history, explore significant proposals of prominent thinkers, and evaluate these proposals from five different perspectives. They conclude their study by outlining their own definition and approach to contextualization, using numerous examples to illustrate their methods.

This book contains essays on the three principal concepts: "the science of Sufism" with definitions and explanations. The Sufi concept of knowledge: the difference between knowledge imparted through revelations and that accessible to reason. The hierarchical levels of Divine Unity.

From the back cover: "True ideas are those that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate, and verify" - this is William James's definition of the meaning of truth, appearing in his famous volume entitled Pragmatism (1907). The definition, and the book, proved intellectually explosive. James was attacked for his emphasis on the usefulness of truth; he was charged with denying real existence; he was accused of making the truth of religious beliefs consist solely in their "feeling good" to the believer. It was in an effort to answer his critics that William James published The Meaning of Truth - a lucid exposition and defense of pragmatism's most important and controversial tenets. First issued in 1909, The Meaning of Truth is here reprinted with an instructive modern introduction to James's pragmatism by Ralph Ross. Ann Arbor Paperbacks The University of Michigan Press

"The most comprehensive account of its subject now available, this impressive study lives up to the encyclopedic promise of its title." ―ChoiceThe Hebrew Folktale seeks to find and define the folk-elements of Jewish culture. Through the use of generic distinctions and definitions developed in folkloristics, Yassif describes the major trends―structural, thematic, and functional―of folk narrative in the central periods of Jewish culture.

Clarity & Definition in a Low-Wattage ComboSonzera [Portuguese]: from som (sound), meaning a cool and/or stunning sound (in the sense of music)...

Clarity & Definition in a Low-Wattage Combo Sonzera [Portuguese]: from som (sound), meaning a cool and/ or stunning sound (in the sense of musi...