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In 1976 I wrote a monograph on lysosomes (Lysosomes: A Survey, Springer­ Verlag, Vienna) that was intended as an up-to-date, comprehensive survey. Whatever success I may have achieved then in fulfilling that intention, even the effort now would be foolhardy. The literature has grown so rapidly in the past decade that I certainly could not even read all of the essential papers, let alone understand and analyze them. My goal here, therefore, is simply to introduce the major features of lysosomes at a level I hope will be useful both to I;ldvanced students and to researchers interested in obtaining a broad background. This is in keeping with the design of the Cellular Organelles series: the series is more a set of advanced texts than of review monographs. This design carries with it the decision not to support each point by refer­ ences to the original literature. I apologize for the injustice involved in such a decision but feel that in any event it would be impossibly unwieldy to cite, adequately and in a balanced manner, the contributions of the vast network of researchers responsible for the information upon which I draw.

This book is indispensable to researchers in fields as diverse as Molecular Biology and Biophysics. It covers the important role that mitochondria play in a variety of biochemical spheres. It analyses how mitochondria affect metabolic pathways, how they are active in the regulation of cytosolic constituents, and their role in initiating signal pathways. Also covered are the way mitochondria help to regulate apoptosis, and how they modulate cellular hypertrophy and proliferation. It gives an overview of the emergence of mitochondria as an important regulator of cell signaling, with a particular focus on their pathophysiology.

Cellular Biology: Organelles, Structure and Function covers the basics of biology on a cellular level, specialized in text for emergent readers. This book includes "sound it out" sections containing phonics for the names of the organelles inside the cell. Young readers will learn what each organelle looks like and how it functions in the cell. Questions are posed throughout as a form of review so the reader is reinforcing the new material learned. Colorful images and text make this book aesthetically pleasing and intriguing.

Now in its third edition, this book describes photosynthesis by considering the partial processes involved throughout the various level of plant (cell, organelle and molecule), and their contributions to the complete process.

Offering in-depth coverage of both fundamentals and techniques, Introduction to Biotechnology is ideal for courses in biotechnology and microbiology. In the first part of the text, author Ashim K. Chakravarty discusses the basic structure and functioning of living organisms-including cells, organelles, chromosomes, replication, and biomolecules-and the key principles of biochemical reactions, genetics, and molecular biology. Giving students the practical tools that they will need in order to succeed in the real world, the remainder of the text covers biotechnological techniques including recombinant DNA technology, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, enzyme biotechnology, microbiology, plant and animal biotechnology, immunology, and environmental biotechnology.Key Features--Includes numerous illustrations, color plates, and text boxes that bring topics to life--Discusses the applications of biotechnology in agriculture, engineering, energy, and other related fields, helping students apply their knowledge to future careers--Features chapters on "Bioethics and Biosafety" (Ch. 15) and "Intellectual Property Rights" (Ch.16)--Provides rich pedagogical features in each chapter, including chapter summaries, review questions, and biographies of famous biotechnologists --Includes lab experiments for additional hands-on learning experience--Features an extensive glossary at the end of the book

New techniques in molecular biology have brought spectacular new insights into the study of evolution at the molecular level. This book presents the resulting relatively new concept of "molecular phylogeny", with an overview of current accomplishments and the future direction of research on organelle origin and evolution and the biology of the "higher cell".

This manual consists of 30+ experiments that coincide and complement each of the 18 chapters in the Karp text (978-1-1182-0673-7.) There are three possible designs of the lab book, based on the instructor's needs. These designs focus on either Techniques, Concepts, or Organelles. The procedures of the 30+ experiments remain standard and unchanged in all designs of the lab book. Special Overview pages, Discussion Questions and Datasheets bookend the procedures in order to create each of the possible textbook designs. This gives instructors flexibility to create a lab book that suits their lecture course curriculum, their experience, and available equipment and supplies.

This manual consists of 30+ experiments that coincide and complement each of the 18 chapters in the Karp text (978-1-1182-0673-7.) There are three possible designs of the lab book, based on the instructor's needs. These designs focus on either Techniques, Concepts, or Organelles. The procedures of the 30+ experiments remain standard and unchanged in all designs of the lab book. Special Overview pages, Discussion Questions and Datasheets bookend the procedures in order to create each of the possible textbook designs. This gives instructors flexibility to create a lab book that suits their lecture course curriculum, their experience, and available equipment and supplies.

Comprehension of the theories of aging requires rudimentary knowledge of oxidation and reduction reactions, protein function, cell organelles, mitosis, acquired immunity, and evolution, among other basic biological concepts.  Without these fundamentals, students of biological aging struggle to learn the essentials of biological aging and how to appreciate the research advances in the field. Human Biological Aging: From Macromolecules To Organ-Systems is an introduction to human aging from the level of macromolecules to organ systems. Age changes in proteins, DNA, polysaccharides and lipids are discussed relative to known age-related alterations in structure and function produced by free radicals and oxidants.  At the cellular level, age-dependent mechanisms that diminish organelle function are described.  Cellular phenomena of replicative senescence apoptosis, autophagy and neuroplasticity are detailed as to their contribution to compromised cellular functions.  Authored by a leader in the field, Human Biological Aging: From Macromolecules To Organ-Systems is an invaluable introduction for those studying human aging.

Mitochondria are complex organelles, possessing inner and outer membranes and even their own DNA. A typical cell contains 800 mitochondria, termed the "powerhouse of the cell", playing a central role in metabolism, respiration, and ATP production. Mitochondria is the first modern, truly comprehensive authored book which tackles the biochemistry, genetics, and pathology of mitochondria in different organisms.

Comprehension of the theories of aging requires rudimentary knowledge of oxidation and reduction reactions, protein function, cell organelles, mitosis, acquired immunity, and evolution, among other basic biological concepts.  Without these fundamentals, students of biological aging struggle to learn the essentials of biological aging and how to appreciate the research advances in the field. Human Biological Aging: From Macromolecules To Organ-Systems is an introduction to human aging from the level of macromolecules to organ systems. Age changes in proteins, DNA, polysaccharides and lipids are discussed relative to known age-related alterations in structure and function produced by free radicals and oxidants.  At the cellular level, age-dependent mechanisms that diminish organelle function are described.  Cellular phenomena of replicative senescence apoptosis, autophagy and neuroplasticity are detailed as to their contribution to compromised cellular functions.  Authored by a leader in the field, Human Biological Aging: From Macromolecules To Organ-Systems is an invaluable introduction for those studying human aging.

Mitochondria are organelles in each cell outside the nucleus and are the energy source of all cells. As such, they are crucial to the healthy functioning of cells. Recent research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a broad spectrum of disease, from maternally inherited genetic disorders to metabolism defects, aging, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Lou Gehrig's disease. This book brings together top researchers whose work in examining the pathophysiologic processes will lead to new strategies for prevention and treatment.

A World From Dust describes how a set of chemical rules combined with the principles of evolution in order to create an environment in which life as we know it could unfold. Beginning with simple mathematics, these predictable rules led to the advent of the planet itself, as well as cells, organs and organelles, ecosystems, and increasingly complex life forms. McFarland provides an accessible discussion of a geological history as well, describing how the inorganic matter on Earth underwent chemical reactions with air and water, allowing for life to emerge from the world's first rocks. He traces the history of life all the way to modern neuroscience, and shows how the bioelectric signals that make up the human brain were formed. Most popular science books on the topic present either the physics of how the universe formed, or the biology of how complex life came about; this book's approach would be novel in that it condenses in an engaging way the chemistry that links the two fields. This book is an accessible and multidisciplinary look at how life on our planet came to be, and how it continues to develop and change even today.This book includes 40 illustrations by Gala Bent, print artist and studio faculty member at Cornish College of the Arts, and Mary Anderson, medical illustrator.

Although they comprise one of the three fundamental branches of life, it was only the last decade that Archaea were formally recognized as a group alongside Eukaryotes and Bacteria. Bacteria-like in that they are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus and intracellular organelles, the Arachaea also share a large gene set typical of eukaryotes, for making and repairing DNA, RNA and protien. More surprisingly, they only inhabit environments typical of the extremes of early earth--hot springs, thermal ocean vents, saline lake, or oxygen deficient sediments. A breakpoint on the common evolutionary path, it is evident that the Archaea diverged early in the history of life, establishing thier importance in evolutionary sciences. Archaea: Ancient Microbes, Extreme Environments, and the Origin of Life tells this evolving story, furthering our understanding of the microbe commonalities, and providing for evolutionary justification in the use of archaea as mechanistic model systems.Provides a unique and current summary of common subcellular mechanisms in archaea and eukaryotesEmphasizes the use of genomics to provide a biological context for understanding archaeaContrasts evolutionary studies on the fossil record with those on molecular phylogenyIncludes extensive tables, graphs, images, drawings and other illustrationsSimplifies the interdisciplinary challenge necessary to understand the significance of archaea

No one can escape a sense of wonder when looking at an organism from within. From the humblest amoeba to man, from the smallest cell organelle to the amazing human brain, life presents us with example after example of highly ordered cellular matter, precisely organized and shaped to perform coordinated functions. But where does this order spring from? How does a living organism manage to do what nonliving things cannot do--bring forth and maintain all that order against the unrelenting, disordering pressures of the universe? In The Touchstone of Life, world-renowned biophysicist Werner Loewenstein seeks answers to these ancient riddles by applying information theory to recent discoveries in molecular biology. Taking us into a fascinating microscopic world, he lays bare an all-pervading communication network inside and between our cells--a web of extraordinary beauty, where molecular information flows in gracefully interlaced circles. Loewenstein then takes us on an exhilarating journey along that web and we meet its leading actors, the macromolecules, and see how they extract order out of the erratic quantum world; and through the powerful lens of information theory, we are let in on their trick, the most dazzling of magician's acts, whereby they steal form out of formlessness. The Touchstone of Life flashes with fresh insights into the mystery of life. Boldly straddling the line between biology and physics, the book offers a breathtaking view of that hidden world where molecular information turns the wheels of life. Loewenstein makes these complex scientific subjects lucid and fascinating, as he sheds light on the most fundamental aspects of our existence.

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that function as "power plants¨for the cell, generating energy in the form of ATP from glucose, oxygen, and other molecules. Thought to have arisen about 2 billion years ago when an aerobic bacterium invaded the primitive eukaryotic cell, they have their own DNA, undergo fission and fusion independently, and play an important role in programmed cell death. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology discusses the evolution of mitochondria, their functions in cells, and the numerous diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated. The contributors also examine mitochondrial biogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying fission and fusion, how proteins are imported from the cytoplasm, and the organization of the mitochondrial DNA. This book includes chapters covering the involvement of mitochondria in Parkinson's disease, encephalopathies, tumorigenesis, muscular dystrophy, and other diseases, as well as aging. It is thus a vital reference for all cell and molecular biologists, as well as researchers working on muscle and neurodegenerative diseases, the role of metabolism in aging, and cancer.

This book considers evolution at different scales: sequences, genes, gene families, organelles, genomes and species. The focus is on the mathematical and computational tools and concepts, which form an essential basis of evolutionary studies, indicate their limitations, and give them orientation. Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the mathematics of evolution and phylogeny, with models and methods becoming more realistic, powerful, and complex.Aimed at graduates and researchers in phylogenetics, mathematicians, computer scientists and biologists, and including chapters by leading scientists: A. Bergeron, D. Bertrand, D. Bryant, R. Desper, O. Elemento, N. El-Mabrouk, N. Galtier, O. Gascuel, M. Hendy, S. Holmes, K. Huber, A. Meade, J. Mixtacki, B. Moret, E. Mossel, V. Moulton, M. Pagel, M.-A. Poursat, D. Sankoff, M. Steel, J. Stoye, J. Tang, L.-S. Wang, T. Warnow, Z. Yang, this book of contributed chapters explains the basis and covers the recent results in this highly topical area.

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that function as "power plants¨for the cell, generating energy in the form of ATP from glucose, oxygen, and other molecules. Thought to have arisen about 2 billion years ago when an aerobic bacterium invaded the primitive eukaryotic cell, they have their own DNA, undergo fission and fusion independently, and play an important role in programmed cell death. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology discusses the evolution of mitochondria, their functions in cells, and the numerous diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated. The contributors also examine mitochondrial biogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying fission and fusion, how proteins are imported from the cytoplasm, and the organization of the mitochondrial DNA. This book includes chapters covering the involvement of mitochondria in Parkinson's disease, encephalopathies, tumorigenesis, muscular dystrophy, and other diseases, as well as aging. It is thus a vital reference for all cell and molecular biologists, as well as researchers working on muscle and neurodegenerative diseases, the role of metabolism in aging, and cancer.

It was once assumed that mitochondrial diseases were rare and that few people were affected. As knowledge has grown about these organelles and their function, it became clear that mitochondrial malfunction could be linked to several chronic diseases. Diabetes has been associated with DNA mutation and can cause mutation itself. This text discusses findings involving the effects of disease on mitochondrial number, mitogenesis, and the base sequence of mitochondrial DNA. Experts discuss their study of mitochondria and what happens when it malfunctions. This book also explores the idea that mutated mitochondrial DNA can result in disease, and vice versa.

Mitochondria are organelles in each cell outside the nucleus and are the energy source of all cells. As such, they are crucial to the healthy functioning of cells. Recent research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a broad spectrum of disease, from maternally inherited genetic disorders to metabolism defects, aging, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Lou Gehrig's disease. This book brings together top researchers whose work in examining the pathophysiologic processes will lead to new strategies for prevention and treatment.