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The concept of "psychological tools" is a cornerstone of L. S. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development. Psychological tools are the symbolic cultural artifacts--signs, symbols, texts, formulae, and most fundamentally, language--that enable us to master psychological functions like memory, perception, and attention in ways appropriate to our cultures. In this lucid book, Alex Kozulin argues that the concept offers a useful way to analyze cross-cultural differences in thought and to develop practical strategies for educating immigrant children from widely different cultures. Kozulin begins by offering an overview of Vygotsky's theory, which argues that consciousness arises from communication as civilization transforms "natural" psychological functions into "cultural" ones. He also compares sociocultural theory to other innovative approaches to learning, cognitive education in particular. And in a vivid case study, the author describes his work with recent Ethiopian immigrants to Israel, whose traditional modes of learning were oral and imitative, and who consequently proved to be quick at learning conversational Hebrew, but who struggled with the reading, writing, and formal problem solving required by a Western classroom. Last, Kozulin develops Vygotsky's concept of psychological tools to promote literature as a useful tool in cognitive development. With its explication of Vygotsky's theory, its case study of sociocultural pedagogy, and its suggested use of literary text for cognitive development, Psychological Tools will be of considerable interest to research psychologists and educators alike.

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Conjoined twins born before the advent of surgical separation techniques have long been of special interest to scientists. Sharing an identical genetic make-up and an identical environment, these twins have provided a unique opportunity for the study of innate and cultural determinants on the individual. Psychological Profiles of Conjoined Twins probes the striking differences in personality, ability, and interests between such twins--and consequently reexamines the prevailing assumptions in current psychological research. Smith's thoroughly documented book questions the pervasive view that human characteristics may be reduced to a simple ratio of heredity and environment. He investigataes the lives of the first recorded conjoined twins, Chang and Eng, and the lives of other, lesser known conjoined twins. The author also presents an intriguing study of the representation of conjoined twins in literature. The final chapters discuss vital philosophical and scientific questions raised by the lives of such twins, with particular emphasis on the over-simplification of traditional heredity/environment approaches.

You arrive at the location. From the information you've been given, an individual...or individuals... has taken at least three...or ten... people hostage. There are demands made, threats boasted, and a deadline given. With all of the hysteria surrounding the scene, how do you discern what is really going on, how do you know who you are dealing with - and just what his...or their...state of mind is? Focusing on the psychological makeup and motivation of the hostage taker, the victim, and the negotiator, Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation equips those on the scene with vital information that allows for fast, safe, and accurate decision making. The author, a seasoned FBI agent and crisis negotiation instructor, divides the content of the book into five comprehensive, yet accessible parts.The topics in Part I discuss negotiation basics: the traits and training necessary for success, the toll that stress takes on the negotiator, negotiation teams, and the effects of third-party involvement in the process. Part II describes how to react when dealing with suicidal hostage-takers, police-assisted suicide, and crisis negotiations in a correctional setting. It also explains how to negotiate with those who have personality disorders, what to say, and not to say, to each type. Part III discusses situational indicators as they pertain to subject surrender and volatile negotiations that involve the violent and the suicidal. Group dynamics are explored in Part IV through examination of the incidents in Waco and Ruby Ridge. This section also includes creative criteria for constructive deviation from the guidelines of negotiation. Part V illustrates hostage issues such as the phases of a crisis, the Stockholm Syndrome, and what to communicate to a hostage. While you never know what type of situation you are responding to, Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation is an important resource to have with you at all times...just in case.

This book examines a variety of psychological intervention strategies used in counseling and therapy to bring about change. It is a handbook of strategies which reviews major forms of interventions, reviews research evidence of effectiveness, and challenges existing theoretical boundaries. In contrast to existing handbooks, Ballou offers interventions identified by their goal of change, rather than by a particular theoretical orientation or the kind of difficulty the client is undergoing.Each chapter describes a strategy, presents clear instruction for its use, and considers appropriate and inappropriate uses for the strategy. Each chapter also addresses the research evidence underlying claims of effectiveness. Edited by an academic and practitioner of counseling psychology, the book seeks to address the needs of both professionals in the field and students and scholars in the academic community.

The Psychological Commentaries on the teaching of Gurdjieff and Ouspensky by Maurice Nicoll are the best, most in depth and easiest to understand books on the subject of Gurdjieff's and Ouspensky's teachings. Everyone interested in Gurdjieff's and Ouspensky's teachings should read all five volumes. Regardless of what spiritual path a person is on, the psychological commentaries can be a big help because they detail on a day-to-day basis the obstacles the false personality creates and how to conquer and remove those obstacles. Very few books have ever been written that go into great detail exposing the tricks the imaginary I uses to prevent people from succeeding in their spiritual goals. The psychological commentaries do just that. The Psychological Commentaries is the classic work on the fundamental ideas of Gurdjieff and Ouspensky, expounded by one of their foremost students. The Commentaries, concerned with the immediate processes of applying certain principles in daily life, have come to be known and loved by entire generations of people interested in the ongoing evolution of psychological transformation. One of the leading British psychologists of his time, Maurice Nicoll was a student of Jung, Gurdjieff, and Ouspensky. At the latter's request, he devoted the last twenty years of his life to passing on the ideas he had received from his teachers. This devotion culminated in the five volumes of the Psychological Commentaries on the teaching of Gurdjieff & Ouspensky. The ISBN's are: Volume One 978-0-9829651-5-3. Volume Two 978-0-9829651-6-0. Volume Three 978-0-9829651-7-7. Volume Four 978-0-9829651-8-4. Volume Five 978-0-9829651-9-1.

Nonlinear approach to the significance of fairy tales for an understanding of the process of psychological development. Concise explanations of complexes, projection, archetypes and active imagination. A classic.

Excerpt from A Psychological Study of Religion Its Origin, Function, and FutureIn this volume I have endeavored to deal with the topics announced in the subtitle, as scientifically as their nature permits. Light comes to the problems of origins from three sources: the present customs and beliefs of the most primitive peoples known to us; the behavior and ideas of children; and the teachings of general psychology. I trust that my information in these several provinces has been on the whole sufficient to keep me on the right road. For data I have had to depend upon the work of students of anthropology, sociology, and psychology, and upon documents I have gathered myself, at first hand, either by questionnaires or by private correspondence.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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In this examination of the psychology of terror, Iaccino uses Jungian archetypes to analyze significant works in the horror film genre. In the past, Jungian archetypes have been used to interpret mythologies, to examine great works of literature, and to explain why sexual stereotypes persist in our society. Here, for the first time, Iaccino applies such models as the Cursed Wanderers, the Warrior Amazons, the Random Destroyers, and the Techno-Myths to highlight recurrent themes in a wide range of films, from early classics such as Nosferatu to the contemporary Nightmare on Elm Street and Alien series. With this innovative approach, Iaccino gains a new perspective on the psychology of the often powerful compulsion to be scared.

This classic, authoritative introduction to psychological testing is widely hailed for its broad coverage and its ability to cover "graduate school" topics in terms that one with little testing experience can understand. This book familiarizes the reader with the basics of test construction and prepares the reader to effectively evaluate different tests, choose tests for particular purposes and individual examines, and interpret scores properly.

Psychological Consultation and Collaboration outlines the major theoretical approaches to consultation and collaboration and offers concrete ideas about the processes as well as techniques and strategies for use in collaboration and consultation. This comprehensive book devotes two chapters to specific consultees: parents and teachers. Additional chapters deal with consultation in organizations, the consultee, the consultant, and the use of data and information to inform the consultation process. This 6th edition includes significant new information regarding collaboration and a completely rewritten chapter on behavioral consultation. The assessment model incorporated into the behavioral consultation and collaboration chapter follows the federal guidelines for assessment and intervention for exceptional children and includes material that can be used with all students. Cross-cultural concepts have been incorporated throughout the book. New information includes the influence of cultural values on the consultation and collaboration process, differences in verbal and non-verbal communication in the major cultural groups in the US, and tips for using this information in cross-cultural work.

Covers the psychological consequences of overwhelming life experiences, the psychobiology of trauma response, traumatic antecedents of borderline personality disorder, trauma in the family, amnesia, dissociation, and the return of the repressed.

The newest edition of The Psychological and Social Impact of Illness and Disability continues the tradition of presenting a realistic perspective on life with disabilities and then improves upon its predecessors with the inclusion of illness as a major influence on client care needs. Articles included represent the best of developing concepts, theory, research, and intervention approaches. Classic articles kept from previous editions round out a diversity of viewpoints that will enrich student understanding of what is important in beginning rehabilitation practice. Further broadening the scope of this edition is the inclusion of personal perspectives and stories from those living with illness or disabilities. These stories offer a glimpse into what it is like to cope day to day with these issues and direct examples of how effective current care models and rehabilitation theories can be. Relevant, expert articles plus insightful narratives combine to offer a bridge between theory and reality and guide students and professionals in rehabilitation practice closer to their goal of enhancing the quality of life for all individuals.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: PRINCIPLES, APPLICATIONS, AND ISSUES, Ninth Edition explains the fundamentals of psychological testing, their important applications, and the controversies that emerge from those applications in clinical, education, industrial, and legal settings. Kaplan and Saccuzzo's engaging and thorough text demonstrates how psychological tests are constructed and used, both in a professional setting and in everyday lives. Part I focuses on the core concepts that affect the evaluation of all tests. Part II discusses the major types of psychological tests, while Part III looks at present-day issues affecting testing such as stereotype threat, bias, laws, and ethics. A multitude of test profiles and sample items illustrate how psychological testing is used and reported. Real-life case studies demonstrate the uses and misuses of psychological testing, while "Technical Example" boxes help you understand complex statistical concepts.

Have you ever wished that you could be the boss for once? Are you tired of being the submissive mousy type whom no one respects? Are you sick of taking orders, instead of giving them? Then clearly you are ready to become more dominant. And you have come to the right book to find out how to unlock your dominant traits and become an alpha person. Alpha people are the ones who turn heads. They command respect wherever they go. They have no problem giving orders, and people scramble to please them. I bet you know an alpha person or two. But now you get to be an alpha person! Can you imagine how great that will feel? This book has all of the secrets that alpha people already know. Now these secrets will be yours! Just read this guide to become an alpha person. You will learn all about how to impress other people with your appearance, language, and posture. You will learn how to give orders and how to influence people, both covertly and overtly. Finally, you will learn about how to gain dominance in relationships that you already have established, and how to maintain that dominance once you finally gain it. It is time to stop being mousy. Stop being the underling and the subordinate. Instead, become an alpha person who is on top and who is giving orders. Learn how to make people respect you and follow your lead. Your life will change exponentially when you become an alpha.

This authoritative handbook--now significantly revised with more than 50% new material--introduces practitioners and students to the state of the art in psychological interventions for managing pain. Leading experts review the most effective treatment approaches for enhancing patients' coping and self-efficacy and reducing pain-related disability, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, biofeedback, clinical hypnosis, group therapy, and more. Strategies for integrating psychosocial and medical treatments for specific populations are described, with chapters on back pain, headache, cancer, and other prevalent chronic pain disorders. Attention is given to customizing intervention for individual patients, maximizing treatment adherence, and preventing overuse of opioids and other medications.   New to This Edition *Chapter on resilience, focusing on mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches. *Chapters on managing pain with comorbid psychological disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder). *Chapter on emerging uses of technology. *Even more practitioner friendly: every chapter concludes with bulleted "Clinical Highlights." *Many new authors; extensively revised with over 15 years of research and clinical advances. 

This is the definitive reference and text for both mental health and legal professionals. The authors offer a uniquely comprehensive discussion of the legal and clinical contexts of forensic assessment, along with best-practice guidelines for participating effectively and ethically in a wide range of criminal and civil proceedings. Presented are findings, instruments, and procedures related to criminal and civil competencies, civil commitment, sentencing, personal injury claims, antidiscrimination laws, child custody, juvenile justice, and more.

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Margaret S. Mahler and her collaborators break new ground in developmental psychology and present the first complete theoretical statement of Dr. Mahler's observations on the normal separation-individuation process.Separation and individuation are presented in this major work as two complementary developments. Separation is described as the child's emergence from a symbiotic fusion with the mother, while individuation consists of those achievements marking the child's assumption of his own individual characteristics. Each of the subphases of separation-individuation is described in detail, supported by a wealth of clinical observations which trace the tasks confronting the infant and his mother as he progresses toward achieving his own individuality.A number of chapters are devoted to following five children epigenetically through their subphase development. A separate section describes the authors' methodology, the importance of the research setting, and the effects of changes in the setting. The extensive appendices by Fred Pine discuss the uniqueness of the data-gathering techniques used by the authors. In addition, a useful glossary of concepts defines the new terms that Dr. Mahler has introduced.This book represents an important breakthrough in understanding the human infant and makes a unique contribution to the science of human behavior.