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This book is based on a course given to second-year computer science undergraduates at the University of Sussex in the spring of 1988 and 1989. It offers an elementary introduction to the semantics of programming languages in a form which is designed to be accessible to students who are not very advanced in their undergraduate career. All the material in the book may easily be covered in a one-term course. There are very few prerequisites. Students who have undertaken an introductory programming course and who are familiar with elementary mathematical notation should have little difficulty in following it. A first course in discrete mathematics would be more than sufficient to cover the required background material.

Semantics Rhadoo - LP 4260544827150

This lively textbook introduces students and scholars to practical and precise methods for articulating the meanings of words and sentences, and for revealing connections between language and culture. Topics range over emotions, speech acts, words for animals and artifacts, motion, activity verbs, causatives, discourse particles, and nonverbal communication. Alongside English, it features a wide range of other languages, including Malay, Chinese, Japanese, Polish, Spanish, and Australian Aboriginal languages. Undergraduates, graduate students and professional linguists alike will benefit from Goddard's wide-ranging summaries, clear explanations and analytical depth. Meaning is fundamental to language and linguistics. This book shows that the study of meaning can be rigorous, insightful and exciting.

Very good copy in the colour-printed boards. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat dulled and rubbed as with age. Bumped corners. Some light foxing to prelims. Remains quite well-preserved overall. Physical description: li, 310 pages: illustrations; 24 cm. Notes: Based on a ASA conference held at Durham, March 30-April 2, 1982. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: Alternative meanings of number and counting / Thomas Crump (14 p.). -- Meaning and context: the interpretation of greetings in Kasigau / Kay Milton (18 p.). -- Creation of identity in spirit mediumship and possession / Judith Irvine (20 p.). -- On a mental sausage machine and other nominal problems / Roy Willis (14 p.). -- Personal names and social classification / R.B Barnes (16 p.). -- Getting to know you / Martha B Kendall (14 p.). -- Sick who do not speak / Basil Sansom (14 p.). -- Semasiology: a semantic anthropologist's view of human movements and actions / Drid Williams (22 p.). -- Establishing an ethnicity: the emergence of the "Icelanders" in the early Middle Ages / Kirsten Hastrup (16 p.). -- Social anthropology, language and reality / Edwin Ardener (14 p.). -- Anthropological field research, meaning creation and knowledge construction / Malcolm Crick (24 p.). -- Meaning or moaning?: an ethnographic note on a little understood tribe / Mark Hobart (26 p.). -- Theoretical landscapes, on a cross-cultural conception of knowledge / Anne Salmond (24 p.). -- Models, meaning and reflexivity / Stephen Gudeman (18 p.). -- Language vs. the world: notes on meaning for anthropologists / Elizabeth Tonkin (16 p.). -- "Semantics" and the "Celt" / Malcolm Chapman (22 p.). Subjects: Assoc. of Soc. Anthropologists of the Commonwealth. Conf. Durham. 1982. Anthropological linguistics; Congresses.Linguistics. Anthropological linguistics; Congresses. Semantics Social aspects; Congresses. Genre: Bibliography. Conference papers and proceedings. 1 Kg.

This book emphasizes the role of semantics as a bridge between the theory of language and the theories of other cognitive capacities such as visual perception and motor control.

The Semantic and Structural Analysis (SSA) commentaries are designed to assist Bible translators and Bible translation consultants. Due to the careful attention to meaning at all levels of the discourse, they should also be useful for Bible scholars, teachers, preachers, and anyone interested in a thorough understanding of the biblical text. The analysis is firmly based on discourse linguistics and assumes that each New Testament book is an integrated whole. The analytical process involves detailed study of the grammar, lexicon and discourse structure of the Greek, with the aim of clearly presenting the meaning of the text and the linguistic evidence on which the meaning is established.

A new edition of the widely used guide to the key ideas, languages, and technologies of the Semantic WebThe development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its uses. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this continuously evolving field, describing its key ideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for independent study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own and includes exercises, project descriptions, and annotated references to relevant online materials.The third edition of this widely used text has been thoroughly updated, with significant new material that reflects a rapidly developing field. Treatment of the different languages (OWL2, rules) expands the coverage of RDF and OWL, defining the data model independently of XML and including coverage of N3/Turtle and RDFa. A chapter is devoted to OWL2, the new W3C standard. This edition also features additional coverage of the query language SPARQL, the rule language RIF and the possibility of interaction between rules and ontology languages and applications. The chapter on Semantic Web applications reflects the rapid developments of the past few years. A new chapter offers ideas for term projects. Additional material, including updates on the technological trends and research directions, can be found at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org.

Written by two of the leading figures in the field, this is a lucid and systematic introduction to formal semantics.

The promise of the Semantic Web to provide a universal medium to exchange data information and knowledge has been well publicized. There are many sources too for basic information on the extensions to the WWW that permit content to be expressed in natural language yet used by software agents to easily find, share and integrate information. Until now individuals engaged in creating ontologies-- formal descriptions of the concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain-- have had no sources beyond the technical standards documents. Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist transforms this information into the practical knowledge that programmers and subject domain experts need. Authors Allemang and Hendler begin with solutions to the basic problems, but don’t stop there: they demonstrate how to develop your own solutions to problems of increasing complexity and ensure that your skills will keep pace with the continued evolution of the Semantic Web. · Provides practical information for all programmers and subject matter experts engaged in modeling data to fit the requirements of the Semantic Web.· De-emphasizes algorithms and proofs, focusing instead on real-world problems, creative solutions, and highly illustrative examples. · Presents detailed, ready-to-apply “recipes for use in many specific situations.· Shows how to create new recipes from RDF, RDFS, and OWL constructs.

This book collects a group of experiments directed toward making intelligent machines. Each of the programs described here demonstrates some aspect of behavior that anyone would agree require some intelligence, and each program solves its own kinds of problems. These include resolving ambiguities in word meanings, finding analogies between things, making logical and nonlogical inferences, resolving inconsistencies in information, engaging in coherent discourse with a person, and building internal models for representation of newly acquired information. Each of the programs has serious limitations, but the chapter authors provide clear perspectives for viewing both the achievements and limitations of their programs. But what is much more important than what these particular programs achieve are the methods they use to achieve what they do.

The goal of this book is to investigate the semantics of absolute constructions in English; specifically, my object is to provide an explanation for the semantic variability of such constructions. As has been widely noted in traditional grammatical studies of English, free adjuncts and absolute phrases have the ability to playa number of specific logical roles in the sentences in which they appear; yet, paradoxically, they lack any overt indication of their logical connection to the clause which they modify. How, then, is the logical function of an absolute construction determined? In attempting to answer this question, one must inevitably address a number of more general issues: Is the meaning assigned to a linguistic expression necessarily determined by linguistic rules, or can the grammar of a language in some cases simply underdetermine the interpretation of expressions? Are the truthconditions of a sentence ever sensitive to the inferences of language users? If so, then is it possible to maintain the validity of any really substantive version of the Compositionality Principle? These are, of course, issues of great inherent interest to anyone concerned with the formal syntax and semantics of natural language, with the philosophy of language, or with language processing. The descriptive framework assumed throughout is the semantic theory developed by Richard Montague (1970a, 1970b, 1973) and his followers. (For a very thorough introduction to Montague semantics, the reader may refer to Dowty, Wall and Peters (1981 ).

Volume 1 provides a general and comprehensive introduction to semantics, synthesizing work on meaning and communication from many disciplines and setting semantics in the larger framework of semiotics.

Using a cognitive linguistics perspective, this work provides the most comprehensive, theoretical analysis of the semantics of English prepositions available. All English prepositions are originally coded as spatial relations between two physical entities. While retaining their original meaning, prepositions have also developed a rich set of non-spatial meanings. Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans argue that all the meanings are systematically related through a set of cognitive principles, emphasizing the importance of human experience with the world as the foundation for lexical meaning.

The books in this series are analytical commentaries on the Greek text of New Testament books. Each book first identifies the high-level semantic components of the text and indicates the relationships between them. These components are then further analyzed to identify sub-components and their relationships. This process is continued until the basic units of communication, called propositions, are identified. These propositions are stated in semantically unskewed English glosses. Theme statements for paragraphs and larger units are derived from the analysis. A discussion of the evidence supporting the analysis is also given.

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL, Second Edition, discusses the capabilities of Semantic Web modeling languages, such as RDFS (Resource Description Framework Schema) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). Organized into 16 chapters, the book provides examples to illustrate the use of Semantic Web technologies in solving common modeling problems. It uses the life and works of William Shakespeare to demonstrate some of the most basic capabilities of the Semantic Web. The book first provides an overview of the Semantic Web and aspects of the Web. It then discusses semantic modeling and how it can support the development from chaotic information gathering to one characterized by information sharing, cooperation, and collaboration. It also explains the use of RDF to implement the Semantic Web by allowing information to be distributed over the Web, along with the use of SPARQL to access RDF data. Moreover, the reader is introduced to components that make up a Semantic Web deployment and how they fit together, the concept of inferencing in the Semantic Web, and how RDFS differs from other schema languages. Finally, the book considers the use of SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System) to manage vocabularies by taking advantage of the inferencing structure of RDFS-Plus. This book is intended for the working ontologist who is trying to create a domain model on the Semantic Web.Updated with the latest developments and advances in Semantic Web technologies for organizing, querying, and processing information, including SPARQL, RDF and RDFS, OWL 2.0, and SKOS Detailed information on the ontologies used in today's key web applications, including ecommerce, social networking, data mining, using government data, and more Even more illustrative examples and case studies that demonstrate what semantic technologies are and how they work together to solve real-world problems

This work provides a brief overview of the basic relationships of meaning and structure of a language. The overview is followed by a more detailed analysis and practical application of the semantic relationships from the lowest level propositions through the highest level units of the text. A significant portion of the work addresses the semantic relations and roles of the communication units. The theory described in The Semantic Structure of Written Communication is applied in the books in the Semantic Structure Analyses Series. Each book has a systematic presentation, via a standard format and a tightly controlled discourse analysis of the Semantic Structure of the Greek text of the New Testament. The books in the Semantic Structure Analyses Series are designed to be used as a special kind of commentary to help translators find the precise meaning of the Source Language text. The SSA books are especially useful at points where regular New Testament commentaries are in disagreement or do not address themselves to the questions that translators are obliged to answer in the process of their work. In its format, an SSA includes a display of the semantic content and structure of each paragraph and each grouping of paragraphs in the text, in a form somewhat resembling a tree diagram. Also included are notes and comments justifying the analytical and exegetical decisions presented.

Semantic Study of Transitivity Relations in Chinese (University of California publications in linguistics ; v. 80) - by Shou-hsin Teng

Behind the academic and innocently descriptive title of this book is to be found one of the most explosive works of biblical scholarship to be published in the 20th century. Certainly many of those who read it when it first appeared were never the same again, and it signalled the end of what had hitherto been a flourishing literature on biblical theology. In recent years, Barr writes in the Preface, I have come to believe that one of the greatest dangers to sound and adequate interpretation of the Bible comes from the prevailing use of procedure which, while claiming to rest upon a knowledge of the Israelite and Greek ways of thinking, constantly mishandles and distorts the linguistic evidence of the Hebrew and Greek languages as they are used in the Bible. The increasing sense of dependence upon the Bible in the modern church only makes this danger more serious. The fact that these procedures have never to my knowledge been collected, analysed, and criticized in detail was the chief stimulus to my undertaking of this task myself. His conclusions brought much criticism initially, but forty years later they still stand. This book is essential reading for any student of the Bible.

This book is based on a course given to second-year computer science undergraduates at the University of Sussex in the spring of 1988 and 1989. It offers an elementary introduction to the semantics of programming languages in a form which is designed to be accessible to students who are not very advanced in their undergraduate career. All the material in the book may easily be covered in a one-term course. There are very few prerequisites. Students who have undertaken an introductory programming course and who are familiar with elementary mathematical notation should have little difficulty in following it. A first course in discrete mathematics would be more than sufficient to cover the required background material.

This groundbreaking monograph offers a mechanistic theory of the representation and use of semantic knowledge, integrating the strengths and overcoming many of the weaknesses of hierarchical, categorization-based approaches, similarity-based approaches, and the approach often called "theory theory." Building on earlier models by Geoffrey Hinton in the 1980s and David Rumelhart in the early 1990s, the authors propose that performance in semantic tasks arises through the propagation of graded signals in a system of interconnected processing units. The representations used in performing these tasks are patterns of activation across units, governed by weighted connections among them. Semantic knowledge is acquired through the gradual adjustment of the strengths of these connections in the course of day-to-day experience.The authors show how a simple computational model proposed by Rumelhart exhibits a progressive differentiation of conceptual knowledge, paralleling aspects of cognitive development seen in the work of Frank Keil and Jean Mandler. The authors extend the model to address aspects of conceptual knowledge acquisition in infancy, disintegration of conceptual knowledge in dementia, "basic-level" effects and their interaction with expertise, and many findings introduced to support the idea that semantic cognition is guided by naive, domain-specific theories.