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Lynne Rudder Baker presents and defends a unique account of the material world: the Constitution View. In contrast to leading metaphysical views that take everyday things to be either non-existent or reducible to micro-objects, the Constitution View construes familiar things as irreducible parts of reality. Although they are ultimately constituted by microphysical particles, everyday objects are neither identical to, nor reducible to, the aggregates of microphysical particles that constitute them. The result is genuine ontological diversity: people, bacteria, donkeys, mountains and microscopes are fundamentally different kinds of things - all constituted by, but not identical to, aggregates of particles. Baker supports her account with discussions of non-reductive causation, vagueness, mereology, artefacts, three-dimensionalism, ontological novelty, ontological levels and emergence. The upshot is a unified ontological theory of the entire material world that irreducibly contains people, as well as non-human living things and inanimate objects.

How did the universe come into existence out of nothing? Why is biological life irreducible? What deeper principles create the laws of nature? How does our mind control our body?Lenses of Perception reads like a detective novel, as it dives into the foundations of physical reality and uncovers the surprising role of consciousness. A new story emerges from the experiments of leading scientists. Our scientific way of looking at the world as outsiders was pioneered by Isaac Newton. This third-person "lens of perception" allows us to objectively analyze forces with incredible precision. But the limitations of this lens are clear. It can't explain the paradoxes of quantum mechanics or figure out how life began. It doesn't even see consciousness, since awareness is invisible to outsiders. This is why physicists have been struggling with the same problems for decades.Lenses of Perception offers promising solutions to "The Five Unsolved Problems of Physics." It also restores a crucial missing piece to the story of evolution. And it describes how our mind controls our body -- a puzzle that has baffled scientists for centuries.These mysteries are resolved, not by introducing new theoretical concepts, but through three simple lenses of perception."An important work for scientists who have suspected that consciousness and subjective perceptions are fundamental to the universe and not some epi-phenomenon. Marman's work brings 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-person points of view into the fabric of the universe. The reader will never look at the world the same." -Michael Clarage, PhD, Physicist

Lynne Rudder Baker presents and defends a unique account of the material world: the Constitution View. In contrast to leading metaphysical views that take everyday things to be either non-existent or reducible to micro-objects, the Constitution View construes familiar things as irreducible parts of reality. Although they are ultimately constituted by microphysical particles, everyday objects are neither identical to, nor reducible to, the aggregates of microphysical particles that constitute them. The result is genuine ontological diversity: people, bacteria, donkeys, mountains and microscopes are fundamentally different kinds of things - all constituted by, but not identical to, aggregates of particles. Baker supports her account with discussions of non-reductive causation, vagueness, mereology, artefacts, three-dimensionalism, ontological novelty, ontological levels and emergence. The upshot is a unified ontological theory of the entire material world that irreducibly contains people, as well as non-human living things and inanimate objects.