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IF, WHEN YOU SAY "CONSUMPTION TAX , " YOU MEAN . . . by Ernest S. Christian, Jr. and Cliff Massa III Much has been said and written about consumption taxes in the United States, but mostly in a theoretical context. Dozens of schol­ arly treatises have been published, along with innumerable papers and speeches most of which were more argumentative than illumi­ nating in nature. Audiences have sat through uncounted confer­ ences on the merits or evils of consumption taxes, depending on the speakers' perspectives. There have been only three comprehensive legislative proposals to which these theories and arguments could be 1 applied, no one of which was acted upon in the Congress. Purveyors of conventional wisdom have suggested that this theo­ retical context might be replaced within a year or two by actual con­ sideration of a federal-level consumption tax. Some see enactment of such a tax as a desirable -- or at least a necessary -- means for reducing the federal deficit. The National Economic Commission, which was created by legislation in 1987 to recommend deficit reduction measures, was perceived by many skeptics and proponents alike to be the Trojan Horse which would carry a consumption tax Lrhe proposals were H. R. 7015, ''The Tax Restructuring Act of 1980," introduced by Rep. Al Ullman; S. 1102, ''The Business Transfer Tax Act of 1985," introduced by Senator William Roth; and H. R. 4598, introduced by Rep.

This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about the value added tax (VAT) to present the only comparative approach to the study of VAT law. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations around the world. This second edition includes new VAT-related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia and adds new chapters on VAT avoidance and evasion and on China's VAT. Designed to illustrate, analyze, and explain the principal theoretical and operating features of value added taxes, including their adoption and implementation, this book will be an invaluable resource for tax practitioners and government officials.

This book integrates legal, economic, and administrative materials about the value added tax (VAT) to present the only comparative approach to the study of VAT law. The comparative presentation of this volume offers an analysis of policy issues relating to tax structure and tax base as well as insights into how cases arising out of VAT disputes have been resolved. Its principal purpose is to provide comprehensive teaching tools - laws, cases, analytical exercises, and questions drawn from the experience of countries and organizations around the world. This second edition includes new VAT-related developments in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia and adds new chapters on VAT avoidance and evasion and on China's VAT. Designed to illustrate, analyze, and explain the principal theoretical and operating features of value added taxes, including their adoption and implementation, this book will be an invaluable resource for tax practitioners and government officials.

Value Added Auditing – 4th Edition (550 pages) is a process and risk- based manual for performance audits, risk management, ISO management system and risk-based audits. The manual can be used to conduct performance, operational, IT, cyber, and supply management assessments. The objective of the manual is to enhance: 1. Risk-based, problem solving and 2. Risk-based, decision making. All ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001 companies should read this book to understand and implement Risk Based Thinking (RBT) and Risk Based Auditing (RBA). Value Added Auditing is the first book that addresses the convergence of operational, quality, customer-supplier, internal, compliance and other types of audits. The future of audits will be to add overall stakeholder value.Value Added Auditing brings to you the latest value added auditing technologies. As such, this manual describes a process for conducting practical, cost effective, risk-based audits in many different functional areas. Value Added Auditing explains and shows you how value added auditing is conducted; in other words ‘how to do it.’ There is amazingly little information on the subject. Much of what exists is technical and often lists definitions and procedures from standards that are difficult to interpret and apply. So to remedy this problem, this guide to the actual practice of how value added auditing is used.Value Added Auditing has a process emphasis. We’ve strived to take a process orientation, cutting across appraisal and auditing functions. Why? More businesses are run along core processes. Core process thinking permeates ‘value added auditing’.

This book is an examination of VAT. It looks at problems and theoretical options and potential impacts, as well as detailing the practical aspects of implementing new tax structures. The author advances arguments for and against alternative policies and illustrates his study with international examples from Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. He suggests that countries can learn from each other’s experiences with VAT.

The global, go-to guide that started the Value Selling Revolution―now updated for today’s market“Value” is about more than just price. Good salespeople understand that and know what differentiates their products from that of competitors. In the first edition of Value-Added Selling, industry guru Tom Reilly tackled the most common problem that salespeople faced: overcoming customer concerns about pricing. That book went on to become the global, go-to guide for value-added selling. Since then, the industry–and the world―has changed dramatically. Developments in technology, including price comparison apps and search engines, now provide consumers with more information than ever, making it much harder to value and sell your product. Additionally, millennials, who now comprise the largest population in the workforce, prefer to do things differently than prior generations. This updated fourth edition of Reilly’s classic guide examines the latest trends and technology that have impacted the market and provides expert advice on leveraging current technology to increase sales. Value-Added Selling, 4th Edition offers proven strategies and tactics to help you not only close more sales but improve repeat business without compromising on price. You’ll learn how to anticipate the needs, wants, and concerns of buyers from the very beginning of the sales process. The book shows how to compete more profitably by selling value, not price. 

Value Added, Successful Strategies for Listing and Selling Investment Real Estate is written for commercial real estate brokers by a commercial real estate broker. In this book, Brad Umansky takes you through the steps to develop skills and strategies to succeed in the business of brokering commercial real estate, including selling shopping centers, office buildings, apartment complexes, industrial buildings, hotels, and more. Brad Umansky is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business and has been a real estate broker since 1992. He has brokered over 600 commercial real estate transactions, including over 100 investment sale transactions. Brad has been a top producer at Grubb & Ellis, Lee & Associates, and Sperry Van Ness. Every concept and story contained in Value Added comes from actual experiences. This book provides you with the actions that successful investment sales professionals have used to build and grow their business. Value Added is a great resource for individuals considering getting into the real estate investment sales arena or for experienced brokers that want to be more intentional with their business.

Value Added Auditing – 4th Edition (550 pages) is a process and risk- based manual for performance audits, risk management, ISO management system and risk-based audits. The manual can be used to conduct performance, operational, IT, cyber, and supply management assessments. The objective of the manual is to enhance: 1. Risk-based, problem solving and 2. Risk-based, decision making. All ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001 companies should read this book to understand and implement Risk Based Thinking (RBT) and Risk Based Auditing (RBA). Value Added Auditing is the first book that addresses the convergence of operational, quality, customer-supplier, internal, compliance and other types of audits. The future of audits will be to add overall stakeholder value.Value Added Auditing brings to you the latest value added auditing technologies. As such, this manual describes a process for conducting practical, cost effective, risk-based audits in many different functional areas. Value Added Auditing explains and shows you how value added auditing is conducted; in other words ‘how to do it.’ There is amazingly little information on the subject. Much of what exists is technical and often lists definitions and procedures from standards that are difficult to interpret and apply. So to remedy this problem, this guide to the actual practice of how value added auditing is used.Value Added Auditing has a process emphasis. We’ve strived to take a process orientation, cutting across appraisal and auditing functions. Why? More businesses are run along core processes. Core process thinking permeates ‘value added auditing’.

Value Added, Successful Strategies for Listing and Selling Investment Real Estate is written for commercial real estate brokers by a commercial real estate broker. In this book, Brad Umansky takes you through the steps to develop skills and strategies to succeed in the business of brokering commercial real estate, including selling shopping centers, office buildings, apartment complexes, industrial buildings, hotels, and more. Brad Umansky is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business and has been a real estate broker since 1992. He has brokered over 600 commercial real estate transactions, including over 100 investment sale transactions. Brad has been a top producer at Grubb & Ellis, Lee & Associates, and Sperry Van Ness. Every concept and story contained in Value Added comes from actual experiences. This book provides you with the actions that successful investment sales professionals have used to build and grow their business. Value Added is a great resource for individuals considering getting into the real estate investment sales arena or for experienced brokers that want to be more intentional with their business.

In Value-Added Measures in Education, economist and education researcher Douglas N. Harris takes on one of the most hotly debated topics in education. Drawing on his extensive work with schools and districts, he sets out to help educators and policy makers understand this innovative approach to assessment. Written in straightforward language and illustrated with actual student achievement data, this essential volume shows how value-added measurement can help schools make better use of their data and discusses the strengths and limitations of this approach.

Very Good condition. Shows only minor signs of wear, and very minimal markings inside (if any). 1.1

This book is an examination of VAT. It looks at problems and theoretical options and potential impacts, as well as detailing the practical aspects of implementing new tax structures. The author advances arguments for and against alternative policies and illustrates his study with international examples from Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. He suggests that countries can learn from each other’s experiences with VAT.

Developed from the authors’ longstanding course on decision and risk analysis, Value-Added Decision Making for Managers explores the important interaction between decisions and management action and clarifies the barriers to rational decision making. The authors analyze strengths and weaknesses of the best alternatives, enabling decision makers to improve on these alternatives by adding value and reducing risk. The core of the text addresses decisions that involve selecting the best alternative from diverse choices. The decisions include buying a car, picking a supplier or home contractor, selecting a technology, picking a location for a manufacturing plant or sports stadium, hiring an employee or selecting among job offers, deciding on the size of a sales force, making a late design change, and sourcing to emerging markets. The book also covers more complex decisions arising in negotiations, strategy, and ethics that involve multiple dimensions simultaneously. Numerous activities interspersed throughout the text highlight real-world situations, helping readers see how the concepts presented can be used in their own work environment or personal life. Each chapter also includes discussion questions and references. Web ResourceThe book’s website at http://ise.wayne.edu/research/decision.php offers tutorials of Logical Decisions software for multi-objective decisions and Precision Tree software for probabilistic decisions. Directions for downloading student versions of the DecisionTools Suite and Logical Decisions software can be found in the appendices. Password-protected PowerPoint presentations for each chapter and solutions to all of the numeric examples are available for instructors.

The purpose of this bulletin is to introduce beekeepers, people considering keeping bees and those interested in processing and marketing to the large diversity of products that can be derived from beekeeping for income generation. Each product category, includinng cosmetics, derived from basic bee products such as honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, venom, adult and larval honeybees, is presented in this publication, providing history, description, product quality, marketing aspects and a few selected recipes. A detailed bibliography, a list of suppliers of equipment, conversion of weights and Codex Alimentarius Standards for Honey are given in the annexes.

Clarifies the primary questions raised by the use of valueadded models for measuring teacher effects, reviews the most important recent applications of VAM, and discusses statistical and measurement issues assoicated with VAM.

This business guide is an essential reference for companies who apply shareholder value concepts or economic profit measures in company analysis or decision-making. It addresses practical performance measurement issues, with numerous examples, and provides detailed steps for designing a company-specific economic profit measure. It also outlines how to incorporate economic profit into financial management practices such as investment analysis and incentive compensation. The author provides useful background details that show how economic profit links to shareholder's value, and TSR, a topic often misunderstood by finance practitioners. The book is an invaluable resource for financial managers, accounting professionals, consultants, and equity analysts who evaluate company performance or make financial decisions using value creation principles.

Master 76 Option Strategies, with its downloadable companion Excel-based options strategy workbook, provides an exceptionally powerful options strategy learning experience. The companion Excel workbook is a “live” option strategy trainer. It contains a Contents page (or worksheet) that lists all 76 option strategy names and descriptions. Clickable links are provided to jump users directly to the corresponding strategy worksheet. Each worksheet is carefully designed to guide users through trade scanning, entry, exit, and the final outcome of the underlying option strategy. Once a trade is entered and working, a return link can be used to return directly to the Contents page. Each trade continues to “work” and can be opened at any time to check either current or final trading outcome.The Excel workbook pulls real-time live market data from the popular thinkorswim® trading platform. Readers can browse the Internet browser to locate thinkorswim® and determine the policies regarding its access and use.

Master 76 Option Strategies, with its downloadable companion Excel-based options strategy workbook, provides an exceptionally powerful options strategy learning experience. The companion Excel workbook is a “live” option strategy trainer. It contains a Contents page (or worksheet) that lists all 76 option strategy names and descriptions. Clickable links are provided to jump users directly to the corresponding strategy worksheet. Each worksheet is carefully designed to guide users through trade scanning, entry, exit, and the final outcome of the underlying option strategy. Once a trade is entered and working, a return link can be used to return directly to the Contents page. Each trade continues to “work” and can be opened at any time to check either current or final trading outcome.The Excel workbook pulls real-time live market data from the popular thinkorswim® trading platform. Readers can browse the Internet browser to locate thinkorswim® and determine the policies regarding its access and use.

This book grew out of the discovery, in 1986, of an unpublished manuscript by Napoleon Hill, author of Think and Grow Rich. Michael J. Ritt, Jr., executive director of the Napoleon Hill Foundation in Northbrook, IL, knew that sometime during the 1950s Hill had written a book entitled The Science of Successful Insurance Selling, but the work had been lost among the trucks full of papers left by the author at his death in 1970. Hill had organized the text as a series of seventeen lessons, apparently to be taught in a seminar context, each lesson based on one of the seventeen principles of success that he and W. Clement Stone developed when they worked together on seminar and books, including the self-help classic Success through a Positive Mental Attitude. Ritt was elated with his find. He knew that insurance-industry examples and figures were too outdated to make the book viable as it stood, yet it would be a shame to let the old master's view on insurance sales languish forever in a dusty archive box. So he sought W. Clement Stone's advice on what do do with it...

- Lumix GH7 Mirrorless Camera -The LUMIX GH7 allows you to experience dramatic enhancements in the speed and quality of video production, and more. A wide dynamic range with a 25.2M BSI CMOS sensor and improved AF performance with Phase Detection Autofocus that added Real-time Recognition AF for Human/Animal/Car/Motorcycle/Train/Airplane. Create the efficient workflow required in professional production environments with the addition of internal recording of Apple ProRes RAW and 32-bit float recording, which does not require adjustment of the sound recording level during shooting. Now compatible with Adobe Cloud to upload still images and proxy videos directly to the Frame.io platform; REAL TIME LUT lets you apply new color expressions. Shoot in all aspect ratios at once via Open Gate for seamless compatibility with all social media.The Iconic Pro Camera, with Up-to-the-Minute ImprovementsNow newly equipped with Apple ProRes RAW internal recording and a World's first 32-bit float recording. Experience dramatic enhancements in the speed and quality of video production, and more.High Depiction Performance and Fast Response25.2M BSI CMOS sensor, with 13+ stop dynamic range boost with rich gradation, for incredibly vibrant, detailed photos and videos.From Shooting to Post-Production, SeamlesslyNo need to adjust audio recording levels during shooting, with 32-bit float recording using a DMW-XLR2 adapter, and internal recording of 5.7K 30p Apple ProRes 422 HQ and Apple ProRes RAW HQ.Adobe Cloud CompatibleUpload still images and proxy videos directly to the Frame.io platform.One Shot for All Social Media PlatformsShoot in all aspect ratios via Open Gate, for superior resolution and heightened detail.Artistic Photos and Videos Straight Out of CameraUse REAL TIME LUT to load original LUT files and apply new color expressions to both videos and photos.Unlimited Video RecordingExperience seamless, uninterrupted shooting, GH7 has a cooling fan for efficient heat dissipation structure and processing.High-speed and High-Precision AF performancePhase Detection Autofocus recognizes, Identifies, and enables you to focus on a wide range of subjects, with newly added real-time recognition of airplanes and trains.Night Shots, Zoomed Shots, Walking Shots - All BlurlessImproved image stabilization technology, including perspective distortion correction for videos and High mode in Active I.S. (Dual I.S. 2/B.I.S./E.I.S.).- Lumix G Leica DG Vario-Elmarit 12-60mm f/2.8-4.0 Aspherical Lens -Panasonic LUMIX Mirrorless Micro Four Thirds lenses deliver a no-compromise approach to optical performance for modern interchangeable camera enthusiasts and professionals. As an optical partner of legendary LEICA Lenses, the LUMIX LEICA DG VARIO-ELMARIT 12-60mm F2.8-4.0 Lens features the highest standards of detail and sharpness. Built for the outdoors, this professional grade lens features a splash /...