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Although they comprise one of the three fundamental branches of life, it was only the last decade that Archaea were formally recognized as a group alongside Eukaryotes and Bacteria. Bacteria-like in that they are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus and intracellular organelles, the Arachaea also share a large gene set typical of eukaryotes, for making and repairing DNA, RNA and protien. More surprisingly, they only inhabit environments typical of the extremes of early earth--hot springs, thermal ocean vents, saline lake, or oxygen deficient sediments. A breakpoint on the common evolutionary path, it is evident that the Archaea diverged early in the history of life, establishing thier importance in evolutionary sciences. Archaea: Ancient Microbes, Extreme Environments, and the Origin of Life tells this evolving story, furthering our understanding of the microbe commonalities, and providing for evolutionary justification in the use of archaea as mechanistic model systems.Provides a unique and current summary of common subcellular mechanisms in archaea and eukaryotesEmphasizes the use of genomics to provide a biological context for understanding archaeaContrasts evolutionary studies on the fossil record with those on molecular phylogenyIncludes extensive tables, graphs, images, drawings and other illustrationsSimplifies the interdisciplinary challenge necessary to understand the significance of archaea

Introduced by Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese, this volume combines reviews of the major developments in archaeal research over the past 10–15 years with more specialized articles dealing with important recent breakthroughs. Drawing on major themes presented at the June 2005 meeting held in Munich to honor the archaea pioneers Wolfram Zillig and Karl O. Stetter, the book provides a thorough survey of the field from its controversial beginnings to its ongoing expansion to include aspects of eukaryotic biology. The editors have assembled articles from the premier researchers in this rapidly burgeoning field, including an account by Carl Woese of his original discovery of the Archaea (until 1990 termed archaebacteria) and the initially mixed reactions of the scientific community. The review chapters and specialized articles address the emerging significance of the Archaea within a broader scientific and technological context, and include accounts of cutting-edge research developments. The book spans archaeal evolution, physiology, and molecular and cellular biology and will be an essential reference for both graduate students and researchers.

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Introduced by Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese, this volume combines reviews of the major developments in archaeal research over the past 10–15 years with more specialized articles dealing with important recent breakthroughs. Drawing on major themes presented at the June 2005 meeting held in Munich to honor the archaea pioneers Wolfram Zillig and Karl O. Stetter, the book provides a thorough survey of the field from its controversial beginnings to its ongoing expansion to include aspects of eukaryotic biology. The editors have assembled articles from the premier researchers in this rapidly burgeoning field, including an account by Carl Woese of his original discovery of the Archaea (until 1990 termed archaebacteria) and the initially mixed reactions of the scientific community. The review chapters and specialized articles address the emerging significance of the Archaea within a broader scientific and technological context, and include accounts of cutting-edge research developments. The book spans archaeal evolution, physiology, and molecular and cellular biology and will be an essential reference for both graduate students and researchers.

Although they comprise one of the three fundamental branches of life, the Archaea were only recognized as a group about twenty years ago. This recognition was based on similarities between their RNA sequences, similarities all the more striking because of the diversity of archaeal lifestyles. They include microorganisms that live in boiling water, within the guts of animals, or in concentration brines. It is also evident that the Archaea diverged early in the history of life, and are of great evolutionary interest as a result. This book tells their emerging story, from their toughness in the face of forbidding environments to their unique place in evolution and in the world ecosystem.

Bacteriologists from all levels of expertise and within all specialties rely on this Manual as one of the most comprehensive and authoritative works. Since publication of the first edition of the Systematics, the field has undergone revolutionary changes, leading to a phylogenetic classification of prokaryotes based on sequencing of the small ribosomal subunit. The list of validly named species has more than doubled since publication of the first edition, and descriptions of over 2000 new and realigned species are included in this new edition along with more in-depth ecological information about individual taxa and extensive introductory essays by leading authorities in the field.

The Third Domain is the untold story of how the discovery of a new form of life -- first ridiculed, then ignored for the past thirty years by mainstream scientists -- is revolutionizing science, industry, and even our search for extraterrestrial life. Classification is a serious issue for science: if you don't know what you're looking at, how can you interpret what you see? Starting with Carolus Linnaeus in the 17th century, scientists have long struggled to order and categorize the many forms of life on Earth. But by the early 20th century the tree of life seemed to have stabilized, with two main domains of life at its roots: single-celled and multi-celled organisms. All creatures fit into one of these two groups. Or so we thought. But in 1977, a lone scientist named Carl Woese determined that archaea -- biochemically and genetically unique organisms that live and thrive in some of the most inhospitable environments on Earth -- were a distinct form of life, unlike anything seen on Earth before. This shocking discovery was entirely incompatible with the long-standing classification of life as we know it. But as it turned out, archaea were not life as we know it, and the tree of life had to be uprooted once again. Now, archaea are being hailed as one of the most important scientific revelations of the 20th century. The Third Domain tells the story of their strange potential and investigates their incredible history to provide a riveting account of an astonishing discovery. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Life in the Outer LImits2 Bug Hunt3 What the Heck Is It?4 The Witch's Garden5 Rust Never Sleeps6 Us... and Them7 Carpe Diem8 Money for Nothin', Bugs for FreeNotesAcknowledgmentsIndexPhoto Well

Although they comprise one of the three fundamental branches of life, it was only the last decade that Archaea were formally recognized as a group alongside Eukaryotes and Bacteria. Bacteria-like in that they are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus and intracellular organelles, the Arachaea also share a large gene set typical of eukaryotes, for making and repairing DNA, RNA and protien. More surprisingly, they only inhabit environments typical of the extremes of early earth--hot springs, thermal ocean vents, saline lake, or oxygen deficient sediments. A breakpoint on the common evolutionary path, it is evident that the Archaea diverged early in the history of life, establishing thier importance in evolutionary sciences. Archaea: Ancient Microbes, Extreme Environments, and the Origin of Life tells this evolving story, furthering our understanding of the microbe commonalities, and providing for evolutionary justification in the use of archaea as mechanistic model systems.Provides a unique and current summary of common subcellular mechanisms in archaea and eukaryotesEmphasizes the use of genomics to provide a biological context for understanding archaeaContrasts evolutionary studies on the fossil record with those on molecular phylogenyIncludes extensive tables, graphs, images, drawings and other illustrationsSimplifies the interdisciplinary challenge necessary to understand the significance of archaea

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The Focus On Middle School Biology Student Textbook, 3rd Edition introduces young students to the scientific discipline of biology. Students will learn about philosophical maps, taxonomy, tools used in biology labs, microscopes, the chemistry of living things, the different types of cells, viruses, bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plant structures and reproduction, photosynthesis, animal cells and structures, non-chordates, mammals and other chordates, human anatomy, and more.The Focus On Middle School Biology Student Textbook, 3rd Edition has 16 full-color chapters and a glossary-index with pronunciation guides. 214 pages. Grades 5-8.

Vast numbers of different prokaryotic microorganisms shape the biosphere, with diverse metabolic capabilities. Determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria and archaea now requires an in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function to give biochemical, physiological and ecological meaning to the genomic information. This new edition describes up-to-date knowledge of the key metabolic processes that occur under different conditions, and the cellular processes that determine prokaryotic roles in the environment, biotechnology and human health. Essential for students of microbiology, applied microbiology, biotechnology, genomics and systems biology, this advanced textbook covers prokaryotic structure, composition, nutrient transport, biosynthesis and growth. Newly characterised metabolic pathways are included, as well as the latest understanding of metabolic regulation and stress responses. Additionally, the link between energetics, growth and survival is discussed as well as the maintenance of genetic integrity by the bacterial immune system.

Methanogenic archaea may have been among earth earliest organisms and today play essential roles in a variety of anaerobic habitants. The present investigation was to study the methanogen population in estuarine sediments in the mouth of Manimuthar River at the Palk Strait and seasonal sampling was made. Most Probable number (MPN) of methanogenic archaea was determined in the period of one year(2009). The archaeal populations were found to be at the maximum of 1.1x105 MPNgm-1 of wet sample during the post-monsoon season. The correlation co efficient (r) values calculated between the methanogenic archaea and various physico chemical parameters in this nitrogen, sodium shows a high significant correlation to the MPN viz., n=18; r=0.976; and r=0.977 at; p<0.001 level respectively. Seasonal variation in the methanogenic population could be influenced by independent abiotic variables such as temperature, salinity, pH, electrical conductivity, nutrients and minerals. The investigation concluded that the methanogenic populations were highly influenced by physico chemical parameters in estuarine ecosystem. This is the first report in distribution of methanogens in this region.

The Focus On Middle School Biology Student Textbook, 3rd Edition introduces young students to the scientific discipline of biology. Students will learn about philosophical maps, taxonomy, tools used in biology labs, microscopes, the chemistry of living things, the different types of cells, viruses, bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plant structures and reproduction, photosynthesis, animal cells and structures, non-chordates, mammals and other chordates, human anatomy, and more.The Focus On Middle School Biology Student Textbook, 3rd Edition has 16 full-color chapters and a glossary-index with pronunciation guides. 214 pages. Grades 5-8.

Vast numbers of different prokaryotic microorganisms shape the biosphere, with diverse metabolic capabilities. Determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria and archaea now requires an in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function to give biochemical, physiological and ecological meaning to the genomic information. This new edition describes up-to-date knowledge of the key metabolic processes that occur under different conditions, and the cellular processes that determine prokaryotic roles in the environment, biotechnology and human health. Essential for students of microbiology, applied microbiology, biotechnology, genomics and systems biology, this advanced textbook covers prokaryotic structure, composition, nutrient transport, biosynthesis and growth. Newly characterised metabolic pathways are included, as well as the latest understanding of metabolic regulation and stress responses. Additionally, the link between energetics, growth and survival is discussed as well as the maintenance of genetic integrity by the bacterial immune system.

While the complete sequencing of the genomes of model organisms such as a multitude of bacteria and archaea, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the mouse and human genomes have received much public attention, the deciphering of plant genomeswas greatly lagging behind. Up to now, only two plant genomes, one of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and one of the crop species rice (Oryza sativa) have been sequenced, though a series of other crop genome sequencing projects are underway. Notwithstanding this public bias towards genomics of animals and humans, it is nevertheless of great importance for basic and applied sciences and industries in such diverse fields as agriculture, breeding in particular, evolutionary genetics, biotechnology, and food science to know the composition of crop plant genomes in detail. It is equally crucial for a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of biodiversity and synteny. The Handbook of Genome Mapping: Genetic and Physical Mapping is the first book on the market to cover these hot topics in considerable detail, and is set apart by its combination of genetic and physical mapping. Throughout, each chapter begins with an easy-to-read introduction, also making the book the first reference designed for non-specialists and newcomers, too. In addition to being an outstanding bench work reference, the book is an excellent textbook for learning and teaching genomics, in particular for courses on genome mapping. It also serves as an up-to-date guide for seasoned researchers involved in the genetic and physical mapping of genomes, especially plant genomes.

Methanogenic archaea may have been among earth earliest organisms and today play essential roles in a variety of anaerobic habitants. The present investigation was to study the methanogen population in estuarine sediments in the mouth of Manimuthar River at the Palk Strait and seasonal sampling was made. Most Probable number (MPN) of methanogenic archaea was determined in the period of one year(2009). The archaeal populations were found to be at the maximum of 1.1x105 MPNgm-1 of wet sample during the post-monsoon season. The correlation co efficient (r) values calculated between the methanogenic archaea and various physico chemical parameters in this nitrogen, sodium shows a high significant correlation to the MPN viz., n=18; r=0.976; and r=0.977 at; p<0.001 level respectively. Seasonal variation in the methanogenic population could be influenced by independent abiotic variables such as temperature, salinity, pH, electrical conductivity, nutrients and minerals. The investigation concluded that the methanogenic populations were highly influenced by physico chemical parameters in estuarine ecosystem. This is the first report in distribution of methanogens in this region.