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Baburnama (Memoirs of Babur) contains the memoirs of Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur (14831530), the founder of the Mughal Empire in India and a great-great-great-grandson of Timur. It is an autobiographical work, written in Turki, the spoken language of the Andijan-Timurids. The prose, though highly Persianized in its sentence structure, morphology and vocabulary, makes an interesting read. It is a widely translated work and is part of textbooks in over 25 countries, mostly in Central, Western, and Southern Asia. It was first translated by John Leyden and William Erskine, and later by the British orientalist scholar, Annette Susannah Beveridge (1842-1929). The book (in two volumes) describes Babur's fluctuating fortunes as a minor ruler in Central Asia, in which he took and lost Samarkand twice, and his move to Kabul in 1504. There is a break in the manuscript for 12 years starting from 1508. By 1519, Babur was established in Kabul and from there he launched an invasion into Northwestern India. The final section of the book covers the years 1525 to 1529 and the establishment of the Mughal empire in India, where Babur's descendants ruled for three centuries.

This book is a concise biography of Babur, who founded the Timurid-Mughal Empire of South Asia. Based primarily on his autobiography and existential verse, it chronicles the life and career of a Central Asian, Turco-Mongol Muslim who, driven from his homeland by Uzbeks in 1504, ruled Kabul for two decades before invading 'Hindustan' in 1526. It offers a revealing portrait of Babur's Perso-Islamic culture, Timurid imperial ambition and turbulent emotional life. It is, above all, a humanistic portrait of an individual, who even as he triumphed in South Asia, suffered the regretful anguish of an exile who felt himself to be a stranger in a strange land.

The great-great-great grandson of Tamerlane, the great Mongol ruler of Samarkand who defeated the Ottomans in 1402, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur Mirza (1483-1530)--better known as Babur Padisha--was the last Timurid of Central Asia and the first Mughal Emperor of India. In the Baburnama, Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and a refined, educated, and well-travelled prince, left behind an unparalled memoir of his life and times--the central document most often quoted by historians and scholars of Mughal India. Now, Wheeler M. Thackston, Jr., has provided a sparkling new translation of this intimate and truthful record in an exquisitely illustrated and produced edition that faithfully preserves the spirit and beauty of the original work. Translated directly from Babur's Chaghatay Turkish, here is not only an extraordinarily detailed picture of life in Central Asia and India during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, but also the first real autobiography in Islamic literature, in which Babur provides keen insights into his own personality, frank assessments of the deeds and motivations of the people with whom he dealt, and keys to understanding the rise and development of Islamic culture. Readers will note, for example, that the interests Babur so eloquently expresses in his memoirs--his profound curiousity about the natural world and human personalities--also defined the directions that the artists of his time were to follow. This engrossing account is made all the more valuable by its rarity: to have a ruler's perspective on the events to which he is central is extremely unusual in the medieval Islamic world, particularly in an age like Babur's, which saw violent and major dynastic changes throughout Iran, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. An insightful look into a particularly stimulating period in the world's history, Baburnama will garner accolades from historians, students and scholars of the Islamic world, and anyone who loves a good story.

The Mughal Empire was one of the great powers of the early modern era, ruling almost all of South Asia, a conquest state, dominated by its military elite. Many historians have viewed the Mughal Empire as relatively backward, the Emperor the head of a traditional warband from Central Asia, with tribalism and the traditions of the Islamic world to the fore, and the Empire not remotely comparable to the forward looking Western European states of the period, with their strong innovative armies implementing the “military revolution”. This book argues that, on the contrary, the military establishment built by the Emperor Babur and his successors was highly sophisticated, an effective combination of personnel, expertise, technology and tactics, drawing on precedents from Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and India, and that the resulting combined arms system transformed the conduct of warfare in South Asia. The book traces the development of the Mughal Empire chronologically, examines weapons and technology, tactics and operations, organization, recruitment and training, and logistics and non-combat operations, and concludes by assessing the overall achievements of the Mughal Empire, comparing it to its Western counterparts, and analyzing the reasons for its decline.

The great-great-great grandson of Tamerlane, the great Mongol ruler of Samarkand who defeated the Ottomans in 1402, Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur Mirza (1483-1530)--better known as Babur Padisha--was the last Timurid of Central Asia and the first Mughal Emperor of India. In the Baburnama, Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and a refined, educated, and well-travelled prince, left behind an unparalled memoir of his life and times--the central document most often quoted by historians and scholars of Mughal India. Now, Wheeler M. Thackston, Jr., has provided a sparkling new translation of this intimate and truthful record in an exquisitely illustrated and produced edition that faithfully preserves the spirit and beauty of the original work. Translated directly from Babur's Chaghatay Turkish, here is not only an extraordinarily detailed picture of life in Central Asia and India during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, but also the first real autobiography in Islamic literature, in which Babur provides keen insights into his own personality, frank assessments of the deeds and motivations of the people with whom he dealt, and keys to understanding the rise and development of Islamic culture. Readers will note, for example, that the interests Babur so eloquently expresses in his memoirs--his profound curiousity about the natural world and human personalities--also defined the directions that the artists of his time were to follow. This engrossing account is made all the more valuable by its rarity: to have a ruler's perspective on the events to which he is central is extremely unusual in the medieval Islamic world, particularly in an age like Babur's, which saw violent and major dynastic changes throughout Iran, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. An insightful look into a particularly stimulating period in the world's history, Baburnama will garner accolades from historians, students and scholars of the Islamic world, and anyone who loves a good story.

A translation of Babur's personal memoir written in Turki, Baburnama remains true to the original, portraying the extraordinary life of the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. Often quoted by historians and academicians alike, this book possesses the rare distinction of being relevant across centuries. Baburnama is the complete record of Babur's life from the time he ascended the throne at the young age of eleven to when he finally established himself as a monarch (1493 to 1529). What fascinates readers even today is Babur's intimate and detailed account of the world around him and what is truly astonishing is that there is no historical precedent for his narrative, making it the first real autobiography in Islamic literature. Annette Susannah Beveridge's nuanced translation offers us a unique insight into this remarkable period in history.

The Mughal Empire dominated India politically, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, from its foundation by Babur, a Central Asian adventurer, in 1526 to the final trial and exile of the last emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar at the hands of the British in 1858. Throughout the empire's three centuries of rise, preeminence and decline, it remained a dynamic and complex entity within and against which diverse peoples and interests conflicted. The empire's significance continues to be controversial among scholars and politicians with fresh and exciting new insights, theories and interpretations being put forward in recent years. This book engages students and general readers with a clear, lively and informed narrative of the core political events, the struggles and interactions of key individuals, groups and cultures, and of the contending historiographical arguments surrounding the Mughal Empire.

Curry serves up a delectable history of Indian cuisine, ranging from the imperial kitchen of the Mughal invader Babur to the smoky cookhouse of the British Raj. In this fascinating volume, the first authoritative history of Indian food, Lizzie Collingham reveals that almost every well-known Indian dish is the product of a long history of invasion and the fusion of different food traditions. We see how, with the arrival of Portuguese explorers and the Mughal horde, the cooking styles and ingredients of central Asia, Persia and Europe came to the subcontinent, where over the next four centuries they mixed with traditional Indian food to produce the popular cuisine that we know today. Portuguese spice merchants, for example, introduced vinegar marinades and the British contributed their passion for roast meat. When these new ingredients were mixed with native spices such as cardamom and black pepper, they gave birth to such popular dishes as biryani, jalfrezi, and vindaloo. In fact, vindaloo is an adaptation of the Portuguese dish carne de vinho e alhos--the name "vindaloo" a garbled pronunciation of vinho e alhos--and even "curry" comes from the Portuguese pronunciation of an Indian word. Finally, Collingham describes how Indian food has spread around the world, from the curry houses of London to the railway stands of Tokyo, where karee raisu (curry rice) is a favorite Japanese comfort food. We even visit Madras Mahal, the first Kosher Indian restaurant, in Manhattan. Richly spiced with colorful anecdotes and curious historical facts, and attractively designed with 34 illustrations, 5 maps, and numerous recipes, Curry is vivid, entertaining, and delicious--a feast for food lovers everywhere.

In December 1525 Babur, the great grandson of the Mongol conqueror Tamberlaine, crossed the Indus river into the Punjab with a modest army and some cannon. At the battle ot Panipat five months later he routed the mammoth army of the Afghan ruler of Hindustan. Mughal rule in India had begun. It was to continue for over three centuries, shaping India for all time. Babur won further victories but after his death the Mughals were thrown out of India. It required a new invasion in 1554, brilliantly consolidated by Babur's grandson Akbar, to restore their rule. The reign of Akbar, from 1556 to 1605, is one of the great ages of Indian history. An unorthodox Muslim himself, Akbar favoured religious toleration, and the architecture of his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri reflected both Islamic and Hindu traditions. Under the next conqueror, Jenhangir, and his son, Shah Jehan, who built the Taj Mahal, the Mughal Empire reached a pinnacle of prosperity and wealth. But the light of Mughal civilisation was beginning to fade, even though the last of the great emperors, the cunning but dour Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1656 to 1707, added most of southern India to the empire. Full of dramatic episodes and colourful detail, The Mughal Empire tells the story of one of the world's great empires.

Already an international bestseller, A Kingdom Divided continues the epic story of the Moghuls, one of the most magnificent and violent dynasties in world history.India, 1530. Humayun, the newly crowned second Moghul emperor, is a fortunate man. His father, Babur, has left him wealth, glory, and an empire that stretches a thousand miles south of the Khyber Pass; he must now build on his legacy, and make the Moghuls worthy of their legendary forebear, Tamburlaine.But, unbeknownst to him, Humayun is already in grave danger. His half brothers are plotting against him; they doubt that he has the strength, the will, the brutality needed to command the Moghul armies and lead them to still-greater glories. Soon Humayun will be locked in a terrible battle: not only for his crown, not only for his life, but for the existence of the very empire itself.

The Mughal Empire dominated India politically, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, from its foundation by Babur, a Central Asian adventurer, in 1526 to the final trial and exile of the last emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar at the hands of the British in 1858. Throughout the empire’s three centuries of rise, preeminence and decline, it remained a dynamic and complex entity within and against which diverse peoples and interests conflicted. The empire’s significance continues to be controversial among scholars and politicians with fresh and exciting new insights, theories and interpretations being put forward in recent years. This book engages students and general readers with a clear, lively and informed narrative of the core political events, the struggles and interactions of key individuals, groups and cultures, and of the contending historiographical arguments surrounding the Mughal Empire.

Subhadra Sen Gupta has captured in this book the magnificence and grandeur of one of the eight wonders of the world - the Taj Mahal. The character of the city has been briefly discussed for its rich cultural heritage, landscape, climate, history and architecture. From Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India, to the reigns of his grandson, Akbar, and the two monarchs who followed, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, this book describes the zenith of Agra's splendour. The exquisite photographs in this book capture the many moods of this fabulous mausoleum built in sumptuous marble. It truly is a book to treasure that pays a lyrical tribute to the greatest city of the Mughals.

** EXCITING TV SERIES IN PRODUCTION ** The second enthralling installment in Alex Rutherford's Empire of the Moghul series. 1530, Agra, Northern India. Humayun, the newly-crowned second Moghul Emperor, is a fortunate man. His father, Babur, has bequeathed him wealth, glory and an empire which stretches a thousand miles south from the Khyber pass; he must now build on his legacy, and make the Moghuls worthy of their forebear, Tamburlaine. But, unbeknown to him, Humayun is already in grave danger. His half-brothers are plotting against him; they doubt that he has the strength, the will, the brutality needed to command the Moghul armies and lead them to still-greater glories. Perhaps they are right. Soon Humayun will be locked in a terrible battle: not only for his crown, not only for his life, but for the existence of the very empire itself.

Babur, the founder of the Mughul dynasty, was of Turco-Mongol origin he was descended from Timur-i-Lenk [Tamerlane] on his father's side and Genghiz Khan on his mother's. His first raid into India in 1516 was followed by several others, and by the time of his death in 1530 Babur's troops had reached Bengal on the far side of the sub-continent. With eight fine full page colour plates by Angus McBride, and many other illustrations, this text by David Nicolle examines the organisation, tactics and uniforms of Mughul armies from Babur's time onwards.

A history of the great Mughal rulers of India, one of the world's greatest empires.In December 1525 Babur, the great grandson of the Mongol conqueror Tamberlaine, crossed the Indus river into the Punjab with a modest army and some cannon. At the battle of Panipat five months later he routed the mammoth army of the Afghan ruler of Hindustan. Mughal rule in India had begun. It was to continue for over three centuries, shaping India for all time. Full of dramatic episodes and colourful detail, THE MUGHAL EMPIRE tells the story of one of the world's great empires.

This book presents the Persian Baburnama, a key primary source and the earliest record of Babur‘s memoirs. The authoritative translation uses paintings from the original work and draws on contemporary texts of the period to delve into the history of the legendary Mughal ruler. It provides a fresh treatment to the source material and highlights vivi

In December 1525 Babur, the great grandson of the Mongol conqueror Tamberlaine, crossed the Indus river into the Punjab with a modest army and some cannon. At the battle ot Panipat five months later he routed the mammoth army of the Afghan ruler of Hindustan. Mughal rule in India had begun. It was to continue for over three centuries, shaping India for all time. Babur won further victories but after his death the Mughals were thrown out of India. It required a new invasion in 1554, brilliantly consolidated by Babur's grandson Akbar, to restore their rule. The reign of Akbar, from 1556 to 1605, is one of the great ages of Indian history. An unorthodox Muslim himself, Akbar favoured religious toleration, and the architecture of his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri reflected both Islamic and Hindu traditions. Under the next conqueror, Jenhangir, and his son, Shah Jehan, who built the Taj Mahal, the Mughal Empire reached a pinnacle of prosperity and wealth. But the light of Mughal civilisation was beginning to fade, even though the last of the great emperors, the cunning but dour Aurangzeb, who ruled from 1656 to 1707, added most of southern India to the empire. Full of dramatic episodes and colourful detail, The Mughal Empire tells the story of one of the world's great empires.