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Scientific realism is the view that our best scientific theories give approximately true descriptions of both observable and unobservable aspects of a mind-independent world. Debates between realists and their critics are at the very heart of the philosophy of science. Anjan Chakravartty traces the contemporary evolution of realism by examining the most promising strategies adopted by its proponents in response to the forceful challenges of antirealist sceptics, resulting in a positive proposal for scientific realism today. He examines the core principles of the realist position, and sheds light on topics including the varieties of metaphysical commitment required, and the nature of the conflict between realism and its empiricist rivals. By illuminating the connections between realist interpretations of scientific knowledge and the metaphysical foundations supporting them, his book offers a compelling vision of how realism can provide an internally consistent and coherent account of scientific knowledge.

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Christos Yannaras is a philosopher, theologian, and political thinker widely regarded as one of the most important Orthodox thinkers of the twentieth century. He sees theology along with philosophy not as an academic enterprise, but as a serious approach to reality in all the dimensions vital to life today. A controversial figure, he castigates much of what passes for Christianity in the East as well as in the West, calling it a religionization of faith. In this book he responds to searching questions concerning his work, setting his thinking as a whole in an integrated vision of knowledge, truth, relationship, and salvation.

Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem are regarded as two of the most influential Jewish thinkers of the twentieth century. Together they produced a dynamic body of ideas that has had a lasting impact on the study of religion, philosophy, and literary criticism.Drawing from Benjamin's and Scholem's ideas on messianism, language, and divine justice, this book traces the intellectual exchange through the early decades of the twentieth century―from Berlin, Bern, and Munich in the throws of war and revolution to Scholem's departure for Palestine in 1923. It begins with a close reading of Benjamin's early writings and a study of Scholem's theological politics, followed by an examination of Benjamin's proposals on language and the influence these ideas had on Scholem's scholarship on Jewish mysticism. From there the book turns to their ideas on divine justice―from Benjamin's critique of original sin and violence to Scholem's application of the categories to the prophets and Bolshevism. Metaphysics of the Profane is the first book to make this early period available to a wider audience, revealing the intricate structure of this early intellectual partnership on politics and theology.

In chapters ranging from "The Beautiful, the Dainty, and the Dumpy" to "Skin-deep or In the Eye of the Beholder?" Nick Zangwill investigates the nature of beauty as we conceive it, and as it is in itself. The notion of beauty is currently attracting increased interest, particularly in philosophical aesthetics and in discussions of our experiences and judgments about art. In The Metaphysics of Beauty, Zangwill argues that it is essential to beauty that it depends on the ordinary features of things. He uses this principle to defend the notion of the aesthetic, to call for a version of aesthetic formalism, and to reconsider the reality of beauty. The Metaphysics of Beauty brings beauty to the center of intellectual consciousness in a manner informed by contemporary metaphysics and engages with beauty as an enduring object of human thought and experience.

--"The English-speaking world owes Bruno Bérard a great debt of gratitude for this masterful overview of Jean Borella's project."--ADRIAN WALKER The Christian mysteries may all too easily seem so well traveled a terrain as to recede into a sort of commonplace backdrop in our lives. How often do we not unreflectingly assume that we already know exactly what lies under every theological rock. And yet, through the eyes of a vibrant, inspired metaphysician, this terrain proves to be still largely uncharted, rich in mysteries as yet undiscovered. Most maps, ancient, old, or even new, soon fade; yet from time to time gifted "cartographers"--alive to the present while also fully trained in the work of their predecessors--appear among us, bringing to light new measures and mysteries from perspectives till now only dimly seen. Such charts from new vantage points were, in their time, drawn by St. Augustine, St. Dionysius the Areopagite, St. Thomas Aquinas, Meister Eckhart, Nicholas of Cusa, and numerous other Christian thinkers. Today we are fortunate that a contemporary Christian thinker, Jean Borella (b. 1930), has followed the mold of such individuals through a series of major Christian metaphysical works. Borella's work, however, is not well known to Anglophone readers--a condition the present volume aims to remedy, with a special emphasis on the needs of a broader audience.

Format Paperback Subject Drama Literary Criticism English Literature Publisher Walter de Gruyter Co

Accepting the traditional definition of metaphysics as the study of ultimate reality, Peter van Inwagen builds this textbook around three crucial questions: What are the most general features of the world? Why does the world exist? And what is the nature and place of rational beings in the world?In the informal but precise style for which he is known, van Inwagen surveys the classical answers to these questions and provides examples of how to think about them more clearly and deeply. He introduces readers to most of the perennial topics of metaphysics, including appearance and reality, identity and individuation, objectivity, necessary existence, mind and body, teleology, and freedom of the will. Metaphysics is engaging and provocative, and through it van Inwagen provides a lucid guide to the study of First Questions and a paradigm of philosophical exposition.

This study attempts to elucidate a possible meeting point of the traditions of Eastern and Western metaphysical thinking. In discussing Whitehead's and Aurobindo's views on being and becoming, it seeks the possibility of a better engagement between the East and the West in the light of the philosophical insights. It is an initiation into the Sitz im Leben of Whitehead's philosophy and his general thought pattern. It carries a perceptive analysis to show the clear primacy of Becoming or Process in Whitehead that extends even to the Divine. It also highlights Aurobindo as a unique Indian Philosopher, who articulated Indian thought in Western categories. He was able to integrate the evolutionary theory of the West with the Indian understanding of becoming. The relationship between God and Creativity and Sachchidananda and the Supermind is studied within the context of Enlightenment and Modernity and the way of doing philosophy in the West and in the East.

A complete and self-contained introduction to metaphysics, this anthology provides an extensive and varied collection of fifty-four of the best classical and contemporary readings on the subject. The readings are organized into ten sections: God, idealism and realism, being, universals and particulars, necessity and contingency, causation, space and time, identity, mind and body, and freewill and determinism. It features a substantial general introduction and detailed section introductions that set the selections in context and guide readers through them. Discussion questions and detailed guides to further reading are also included.

What is mind? This book addresses a timeless question in an especially lively fashion, using language accessible to the layperson, but offering a rigor that will please the specialist. Drawing on the groundbreaking work of Ludwig Wittgenstein and using a structural approach similar to that of Gilbert Ryle's classic The Concept of Mind, Metaphysics of Mind forges the ideas of those influential thinkers with Kenny's own lifelong investigations into mind to create a classic work on philosophical psychology. Ranging from discussions of Cartesian dualism, through theories of emotion, to profound examinations of the imagination and intellect, Metaphysics of Mind is a book for anyone who has ever tried to understand the meaning and place of human consciousness in a vast physical universe.

The Metaphysics of Theism is the definitive study of the natural theology of Thomas Aquinas, the greatest of medieval philosophers, written by one of the world's most eminent scholars of medieval thought. Natural theology is the investigation by analysis and rational argument of fundamental questions about reality, considered in relation to God. Professor Kretzmann shows the continuing value of Aquinas's doctrines to the philosophical enterprise today; he argues that natural theology offers the only route by which philosophers can, as philosophers, approach theological propositions, and that the one presented in this book is the best available natural theology.

The Metaphysics of Theism is the definitive study of the natural theology of Thomas Aquinas, the greatest of medieval philosophers, written by one of the world's most eminent scholars of medieval thought. Natural theology is the investigation by analysis and rational argument of fundamental questions about reality, considered in relation to God. Professor Kretzmann shows the continuing value of Aquinas's doctrines to the philosophical enterprise today; he argues that natural theology offers the only route by which philosophers can, as philosophers, approach theological propositions, and that the one presented in this book is the best available natural theology.

Metaphysics and the Existence of God, first published in 1960, remains a classic text in modern Thomistic philosophy. Thomas C. O’Brien, O.P., provides an incisive analysis of the relationship between the existence of God and the science of metaphysics according to the sapiential teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas. The author also offers critical engagement with the thought of significant figures associated with the Thomist tradition such as Dominic of Flanders, Cardinal Cajetan, Chrysostom Javelli, John of St. Thomas, Joseph Gredt, and Etienne Gilson. As the first volume in Cluny Media’s Thomist Tradition book series, Metaphysics and the Existence of God is a key resource for all serious students of Thomas Aquinas and the Thomist tradition.

Written in the analytical tradition of Quine, Chisholm, Putnam and Popper, this study applies the techniques of general metaphysics to an analysis of the social world. David-Hillel Ruben bases his book on four main propositions: that metaphysical individualism concerning social objects is false; that social objects are not wholes whose parts are human individuals; that social properties are not reducible to mental properties; and that methodological individualism gives a false view of explanation in the social sciences. Dr Ruben makes the distinction between individualism as a metaphysical and as a methodological doctrine; he considers individualism as a metaphysical doctrine about the nature and structure of social reality, before going on to assess it from the point of view of the methodology of the social sciences. His arguments criticize both metaphysical and methodological individualism in social science and support a non-reductive approach to social entities and explanation in the social sciences.

Featuring fourteen new essays from an international team of renowned contributors, this volume explores the key issues, debates and questions in the metaphysics of logic. The book is structured in three parts, looking first at the main positions in the nature of logic, such as realism, pluralism, relativism, objectivity, nihilism, conceptualism, and conventionalism, then focusing on historical topics such as the medieval Aristotelian view of logic, the problem of universals, and Bolzano's logical realism. The final section tackles specific issues such as glutty theories, contradiction, the metaphysical conception of logical truth, and the possible revision of logic. The volume will provide readers with a rich and wide-ranging survey, a valuable digest of the many views in this area, and a long overdue investigation of logic's relationship to us and the world. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students of philosophy, logic, and mathematics.

If the sentence 'my cat is on the mat' is true how does it get to be true? Sentences are made true by what exists. But what about claims such as 'There were dinosaurs?' and '2+2=4'. How do they get to be true? Metaphysics: An Introduction uses the idea of truth and the quest for truth-makers to unravel philosophical problems in contemporary metaphysics. From the nature of properties and time to causation and objects, truth becomes a guiding theme to understanding metaphysical concepts and debates. Now updated and expanded, this second edition presents a more comprehensive coverage of the field with new chapters on personal identity and free will. By focusing on method throughout, it offers the necessary skills and reasoning to tackle complex questions. Together with a glossary, discussion questions and guides to further reading, each chapter concludes with a series of mind maps to help visualise the logical space being explored and how the arguments push in different directions. Metaphysics: An Introduction is suitable for anyone studying metaphysical problems for the first time.