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"On 21 March 1960, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe led a mass defiance of South Africa's pass laws. He urged blacks to go to the nearest police station and demand arrest. Police opened fire on a peaceful crowd in the township of Sharpeville and killed 69 people. The protest changed the course of South Africa's history. Afrikaner rule stiffened and black resistance went underground. International opinion hardened against apartheid. Sobukwe, leader of the Pan-Africanist Congress, was jailed for three years for incitement. At the end of his sentence the government, fearful of his power, rushed the so-called 'Sobukwe Clause' through Parliament, to keep him in prison without a trial. For the next six years, Sobukwe was kept in solitary confinement on Robben Island, the infamous apartheid prison near Cape Town. On his release, Sobukwe was banished to the town of Kimberley with very severe restrictions on his freedom. He died there nine years later in February 1978. This book is the story of this South African hero - the lonely prisoner on Robben Island. It is also the story of the friendship between Robert Sobukwe and Benjamin Pogrund whose joint experiences and debates chart the course of a tyrannous regime and the growth of black resistance. "

Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe: New Reflections brings together a fresh and diverse range of contributors to reconsider the life, ideas and legacy of Robert Sobukwe - teacher, thinker, Africanist and founder of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). For leading the anti-pass campaign of 1960, Sobukwe was jailed for many years by the apartheid government, including solitary confinement on Robben Island, and then banished to Kimberley. Today, there are few memorials to Sobukwe, and while his followers venerate him, he has largely been written out of the history of the liberation struggle. Yet his ideas and example have enduring resonance in contemporary South Africa.Sobukwe's pan-Africanism was an inspiring contribution to the development of Black Consciousness, which continues to energise new generations of young people. From his stances on the land question and racism to his love of gardening and knowledge of literature, as devoted family man and principled political leader, Sobukwe is revealed at every turn to be profound, erudite, compassionate and concerned with the betterment of all who identify with the advancement of Africa and Africans.

This title is the story of a remarkable man: Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe. It is also the story of the friendship between Sobukwe and Benjamin Pogrund whose joint experiences and passionate debates chart the course of a tyrannous regime and the development of concerted black resistance. On 21 March 1960, Robert Sobukwe led a mass defiance of the pass laws of South Africa. He persuaded blacks to present themselves at police stations and demand arrest. A determinedly non-violent protest turned to tragedy when police opened fire on a crowd, killing 68 protestors at Sharpeville. It proved to be Sobukwe's last day of liberty. The protest was a turning point: Afrikaner rule stiffened and black resistance went underground. International opinion hardened against apartheid. Sobukwe, leader of the Pan-Africanist Congress, was jailed for nine years on Robben Island. He was then released into banishment and house arrest in the small town of Kimberly. He died there nine years later, in February 1978.

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Selection of Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe's letters from prison in opposition to South African apartheid This book collates nearly 300 prison letters to and from Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, inspirational political leader and first President of the Pan-Africanist Congress. These letters are testimony to the desolate conditions of his imprisonment and to his unbending commitment to the cause of African liberation. The memory of Sobukwe has been sadly neglected in post- apartheid South Africa. With the changing political climate, the decline of the African National Congress's power, the re- emergence of Black Consciousness, and the growth of student protests, Sobukwe is being looked to once again.

Acceptable/Fair condition. Book is worn, but the pages are complete, and the text is legible. Has wear to binding and pages, may be ex-library. 1.3

Selection of Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe's letters from prison in opposition to South African apartheid This book collates nearly 300 prison letters to and from Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, inspirational political leader and first President of the Pan-Africanist Congress. These letters are testimony to the desolate conditions of his imprisonment and to his unbending commitment to the cause of African liberation. The memory of Sobukwe has been sadly neglected in post- apartheid South Africa. With the changing political climate, the decline of the African National Congress's power, the re- emergence of Black Consciousness, and the growth of student protests, Sobukwe is being looked to once again.

“Muhammad Ali, The Confederate Flag, and Other Essays” provides a collection of different essays on topics ranging from Muhammad Ali, the Nation of Islam, the Confederate Flag, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Robert Sobukwe, Greco-Roman slavery, and more.