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In The Turnout Gap, Bernard L. Fraga offers the most comprehensive analysis to date of the causes and consequences of racial and ethnic disparities in voter turnout. Examining voting for Whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans from the 1800s to the present, Fraga documents persistent gaps in turnout and shows that elections are increasingly unrepresentative of the wishes of all Americans. These gaps persist not because of socioeconomics or voter suppression, but because minority voters have limited influence in shaping election outcomes. As Fraga demonstrates, voters turn out at higher rates when their votes matter; despite demographic change, in most elections and most places, minorities are less electorally relevant than Whites. The Turnout Gap shows that when politicians engage the minority electorate, the power of the vote can win. However, demography is not destiny. It is up to politicians, parties, and citizens themselves to mobilize the potential of all Americans.

The EVERMARK Unfinished Poplar Left Turnout is designed for interior stairs. It can finish matching other Stair Parts or decor in your home. The turnout is designed as a starting fitting that requires a pin top starting newel. From stair treads, stair railing and a complete selection of Stair Parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Material: Wood.

The EVERMARK 11-1/2 in. Unfinished Red Oak Right Turnout is made for interior use from 100% red oak. The turnout is ideally suited as a starting fitting where space is at a premium or where the design calls for a minimal fitting with a touch of detail. It takes up less space than a volute, but has timeless, classic appeal. It can be stained to match other red oak Stair Parts. From stair treads, stair railing, and a complete selection of stair parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Material: Wood.

The EVERMARK 11-1/2 in. Unfinished Red Oak Right Turnout is made for interior use from 100% red oak. The turnout is ideally suited as a starting fitting where space is at a premium, or where the design calls for a minimal fitting with a touch of detail. It takes up less space than a volute, but has timeless, classic appeal. It can be stained to match other red oak Stair Parts. From stair treads, stair railing and a complete selection of stair parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Material: Wood.

The Evermark 11-1/2 in. Unfinished Poplar Right Turnout is made for interior use from 100% red poplar. The turnout is ideally suited as a starting fitting where space is at a premium or where the design calls for a minimal fitting with a touch of detail. It takes up less space than a volute, but has timeless, classic appeal. It can be stained to match other Poplar Stair Parts. From stair treads, stair railing and a complete selection of Stair Parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Material: Wood.

The EVERMARK Unfinished Oak Left Turnout is designed for interior stairs. It can finish matching other Stair Parts or decor in your home. The turnout is designed as a starting fitting that requires a pin top starting newel. From stair treads, stair railing and a complete selection of Stair Parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Color: Unfinished Red Oak. Material: Wood.

The EVERMARK Unfinished Oak Left Turnout is designed for interior stairs. It can be finished to match other Stair Parts or decor in your home. The turnout is designed as a starting fitting that requires a pin top starting newel. From stair treads, stair railing, and a complete selection of stair parts, EVERMARK has what you need to make your stairs beautiful. Color: Unfinished Red Oak. Material: Wood.

Take your organization to the next level with the Turnout Pocket Organizer Mark II Bag. This one-size, red bag is a robust, efficient, and secure storage solution specifically designed for EMS and fire professionals. Crafted with heavy-duty materials, this durable bag is built to withstand the rigors of daily use in high-intensity environments. The Turnout Pocket Organizer Mark II Bag features a spacious main compartment, providing ample room for all your essential tools and equipment. Whether you're storing medical supplies, electronic devices, or personal items, this bag ensures everything is within easy reach when seconds count. Beyond functionality, this bag also scores high on style. Its sleek, modern design, accentuated by black accents, adds a touch of sophistication to your professional gear. The red color not only adds to its aesthetic appeal but also enhances visibility, an essential feature in emergency situations. With a zippered closure, your items are kept secure, while the multiple pockets and compartments allow for efficient organization and easy access. The Turnout Pocket Organizer Mark II Bag is not just a bag; it's a convenient, protective, and stylish solution for your storage needs. Whether you're a seasoned EMS professional or a first responder, the Turnout Pocket Organizer Mark II Bag is the reliable choice for carrying and organizing your essential equipment.

The word "Firefighter" evokes many images in the minds of people everywhere. They are perceived as low-life's who sit around the fire house playing cards and pool, and shooting the breeze to saving kittens from being stuck in a tree and collecting undeserved paychecks. They are also hailed as heroes who are willing to give it all, including their own lives, to save a life. As a Baltimore City Firefighter for thirty years, now retired, Hall will take readers on a journey from the front seat of a fire engine to the side streets of Baltimore city. Readers will be transported on calls for people trapped in motor vehicles to assisting paramedics rescue a man pinned by a train. They will witness the rage and violence in the streets of Baltimore and the professionals who attend to those victims every day.

This unique Training Turnout program is the second resource in our Training Turnout series, and is a great follow on from our Tips for Turnout Program. It deeps the exploration of the anatomy of the dancers’ hip in an easy to understand way, and explores the differences in training turnout in multiple different positions. Discover the maximal potential for your hips without pain or strain!- Learn how to assess and understand the structure of your own hips including what are true restrictions and what can be improved on- Discover your deep turnout muscles and how to train each of them for ultimate control in all positions- Recognise the relationship between core stability and turnout range and control- Learn modified physiotherapy release techniques to improve range in second splits- Find out how to effectively improve stability of the hips and pelvis while maintaining full range- Strengthen standing leg turnout control in a progressive sequence of exercises- Learn how to control turnout en fondu for optimal leg alignment during jumps- Condition the hamstrings for their essential role in supporting the led in retire- Specifically train the deep hip flexors for their very important role of supporting the leg during adage- Develop extraordinary control in a la seconde without irritating the front of the hips- Demystify the secrets of a beautiful arabesque line by addressing each component separately

Find out how voter turnout has turned the tide of countless elections and thereby American history, from the White House to your local district Based on meticulous research on participation in U.S. elections dating back to 1788, this important new work provides comprehensive turnout statistics for general and  primary elections for presidential, congressional, and state gubernatorial races. Extensive graphs and tables detail over two centuries of trends: Turnout data presented in 20-year periods Voter turnout by party affiliation State level data Voter turnout―the percentage of eligible citizens who cast ballots in a given election― offers insight into the health of American democracy at any given moment in time or over a span of years. Ideal for elections scholars and researchers at academic, community college, and public libraries, Voter Turnout in the United States will be a must-have reference for those interested in American elections and civic participation in politics. Key Features Annual state-by-state voter turnout statistics date back to the early years of the republic during the rise of mass electoral behavior Turnout for presidential, U.S. Senate and state gubernatorial elections, plus aggregate state-level data for U.S. House elections Election law changes that impact voting trends Figures and graphs with aggregate trends in participation rates over time

Demonstrating how voter turnout can serve as an indicator of the health of a democracy, this study documents the conditions that can result in low voter turnout and suggests reforms that might alleviate these conditions. Mark Franklin concludes that declining turnout does not necessarily reflect reductions in civic virtue or increases in alienation. Franklin claims that turnout falls due to cumulating effects of institutional changes, a lack of competition in elections and a decision by a large proportion of the electorate not to participate as a response to the lack of competition.

Public policy in the United States is the product of decisions made by more than 500,000 elected officials, and the vast majority of those officials are elected on days other than Election Day. And because far fewer voters turn out for off-cycle elections, that means the majority of officials in America are elected by a politically motivated minority of Americans. Sarah F. Anzia is the first to systemically address the effects of election timing on political outcomes, and her findings are eye-opening. The low turnout for off-cycle elections, Anzia argues, increases the influence of organized interest groups like teachers’ unions and municipal workers. While such groups tend to vote at high rates regardless of when the election is held, the low turnout in off-cycle years enhances the effectiveness of their mobilization efforts and makes them a proportionately larger bloc. Throughout American history, the issue of election timing has been a contentious one. Anzia’s book traces efforts by interest groups and political parties to change the timing of elections to their advantage, resulting in the electoral structures we have today. Ultimately, what might seem at first glance to be mundane matters of scheduling are better understood as tactics designed to distribute political power, determining who has an advantage in the electoral process and who will control government at the municipal, county, and state levels.

The most important element in every election is getting voters to the polls these get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts make the difference between winning and losing office. With the first three editions of Get Out the Vote, Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber broke ground by introducing a new scientific approach to the challenge of voter mobilization and profoundly transformed how campaigns operate. Get Out the Vote has become the reference text for those who manage campaigns and study voter mobilization.In this expanded and updated edition, Green and Gerber incorporate data from a trove of recent studies that shed new light on the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of various campaign tactics, including door-to-door canvassing, e-mail, direct mail, and telephone calls. The new edition gives special attention to “relational organizing” through friend-to-friend communication and events.Available in time for the 2020 presidential campaign, this practical guide to voter mobilization will again be a must-read for consultants, candidates, and grassroots organizations.

Book is in NEW condition. 1.16

Get Out the Vote! Is a practical guide for anyone trying to mobilize voters or organize at the grass roots. Unlike authors of other campaign advice books, Donald Green and Alan Gerber root their work firmly in rigorous science. Their recommendations emerge from thorough experiments conducted in real electoral settings, examining the impact and effectiveness of door-to-door canvassing, telephone calls, direct mail, and other campaign tactics. Since 1998 the authors have conducted research in over a dozen states, studying a wide range of federal, state, and municipal elections. Their book connects theory with practice, informing campaign professionals and local organizers as well as students of electoral politics. They discover that many GOTV tactics used by campaign managers and political consultants are less effective than is often believed. The authors, relying on rigorous and systematic research, challenge much of the conventional wisdom about what works and what doesn't in the political campaigns. The authors' applied form of political science has won acclaim from scholars and earned the attention of campaign professionals and journalists. This book presents their result for a non-academic audience interested in putting campaign research into practice, and the findings will be surprising to many. Get Out the Vote! will help both consultants and the candidates who use their services better understand the efficacy of campaign methods. It is essential reading in an age of electronic communication, professional electioneering and voter apathy.

The most important element in every election is getting voters to the polls—these get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts make the difference between winning and losing office.With the first two editions of Get Out the Vote, Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber broke ground by introducing a new scientific approach to the challenge of voter mobilization that profoundly influenced how campaigns operate. Get Out the Vote has become the reference text for those who manage campaigns and study voter mobilization.In this expanded and updated edition, Green and Gerber incorporate data from more than 100 new studies, which shed new light on the costeffectiveness and efficiency of various campaign tactics, including door-todoor canvassing, email, direct mail, and telephone calls. Two new chapters focus on the effectiveness of registration drives and messaging tactics.The new Get Out the Vote will be available as the country gears up for the 2016 presidential campaign. This readable, practical guide on voter mobilization is sure to be an important resource for consultants, candidates, and grassroots organizations, as well as a valuable teaching tool in courses on campaigns and elections.Praise for Previous Editions:"Green and Gerber have studied turnout for years. Their findings, based on dozens of controlled experiments done as part of actual campaigns, are summarized in... Get Out the Vote, which is bound to become a bible for politicians and activists of all stripes." —Alan Krueger in the New York Times " Get Out the Vote shatters conventional wisdom about GOTV." —Hal Malchow in Campaigns and Elections "Green and Gerber's recent book represents important innovations in the study of turnout." — Political Science Review "Green and Gerber have provided a valuable resource for grassroots campaigns across the spectrum." — National Journal

The first edition of Get Out the Vote! broke ground by introducing a new scientific approach to the challenge of voter mobilization and profoundly influenced how campaigns operate. In this expanded and updated edition, the authors incorporate data from more than one hundred new studies, which shed new light on the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of various campaign tactics, including door-to-door canvassing, e-mail, direct mail, and telephone calls. Two new chapters focus on the effectiveness of mass media campaigns and events such as candidate forums and Election Day festivals. Available in time for the core of the 2008 presidential campaign, this practical guide on voter mobilization is sure to be an important resource for consultants, candidates, and grassroots organizations. Praise for the first edition: "Donald P. Green and Alan S. Gerber have studied turnout for years. Their findings, based on dozens of controlled experiments done as part of actual campaigns, are summarized in a slim and readable new book called Get Out the Vote!, which is bound to become a bible for politicians and activists of all stripes." —Alan B. Kreuger, in the New York Times "Get Out the Vote! shatters conventional wisdom about GOTV." —Hal Malchow in Campaigns & Elections "Green and Gerber's recent book represents important innovations in the study of turnout." —Political Science Review "Green and Gerber have provided a valuable resource for grassroots campaigns across the spectrum." —National Journal

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Who Votes Now? compares the demographic characteristics and political views of voters and nonvoters in American presidential elections since 1972 and examines how electoral reforms and the choices offered by candidates influence voter turnout. Drawing on a wealth of data from the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey and the American National Election Studies, Jan Leighley and Jonathan Nagler demonstrate that the rich have consistently voted more than the poor for the past four decades, and that voters are substantially more conservative in their economic views than nonvoters. They find that women are now more likely to vote than men, that the gap in voting rates between blacks and whites has largely disappeared, and that older Americans continue to vote more than younger Americans. Leighley and Nagler also show how electoral reforms such as Election Day voter registration and absentee voting have boosted voter turnout, and how turnout would also rise if parties offered more distinct choices. Providing the most systematic analysis available of modern voter turnout, Who Votes Now? reveals that persistent class bias in turnout has enduring political consequences, and that it really does matter who votes and who doesn't.