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Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: If the need for a ¿Big Push¿ survives in an economy that is open to international trade and capital movements, or if openness to trade and capital movements is sufficient to overcome all poverty traps, these questions have daunted development economics since its inception (Jaime et al. 1997). In the last two hundred years, every country with high development and productivity rates has industrialised. While in the eighteens century Britain, and in the twenties century Korea and Japan grew rich, other countries remained poor. One of the discussed causes for this underdevelopment might be the small domestic market. While the idea started with Rosenstein-Rodan (1943)1, who thought the solution would be aid and investment programs, since the 1960s advocates tend to the Idea that openness of the economy resolve the problem of a small domestic market. The theory is that openness would induce an export-led ¿Big Push¿ in terms of simultaneous growth over different sectors (Murphy et al.1989, p.1003). In the current discussion the ¿Big Push¿ induced by aid has its comeback in the Millennium Development Goals from the UN (Easterly 2005, p.3). The focus of this paper is on the East Asian countries, where the export-promotion-policy had had an important role. But Trindade (2005, p.41) was the first author who interpreted the coordination-problem as solvable with solely export-promotion, because of the naturally coordination effect of exports (Asche, 2005, p.24 gloss 28). So the question is not if exports are good for an economy, but if exports can induce a ¿Big Push¿ and thus making aid superfluously.

Wissenschaftlicher Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1. Introduction These days, leasing is usually understood as a modern form of financing of various assets, both in the commercial and the private sector. Leases have now become an integral part of economic life. With their multiple creative possibilities and variations, leases are an equitable alternative to buying and renting for companies. The diversity of different forms of leasing, and the fact that there is no uniform lease contract as a reference, results in lease accounting being one of the most difficult areas of accounting under almost all jurisdictions. [1] This diversity leads to an accounting system for leasing business with different possibilities to allocate positions in the P & L and balance sheet. Due to the lack of specific rules, leasing accounting is mostly based on general accounting principles. [2] In Germany, relevant tax decrees have impact on the local accounting. Leases are, in principle, not fixed on legal contract types, and this allows temporary grant of use and utilization of liquidity-friendly financing alternatives in the balance-sheet. Since most major accounting systems presuppose exclusion of pending transactions from the balance sheet, [3] companies used contracts for grant of use, such as lease, deliberately to influence the accounting. For example, sale and leaseback transactions are used to reduce the balance-sheet debt, though the physical property mapping has not changed. [4] The current lease accounting under IFRS 17 of the IASB is to be understood as a reaction to the existing situation in the various accounting systems. The aim of the standard setter was to capture the major part of the grant of use in the balance sheet. All postings, which change the asset allocation similar to an investment, should also be accounted as such. [5] The concept of economic ownership divides any grant of use in leasing into two classes. The finance leases which, simply put, means all long-term and investment-like grants of use, and operating leases, which are any other grants of use. This was still not sufficient for the standard setters, in particular against the backdrop of the various forms of expenses, and due to growing discussions at national and international levels about renewal of the lease accounting. In particular, the Chairman of the IASB, Sir David Tweedie and the IASB member Warren McGregor found the current lease accounting a thorn in their side. [...]

During the last few years, the German higher education landscape has witnessed an increase in the delegation of decision power from the state to the universities. In order to adapt to this new situation, universities are more and more looking at management structures, decision-making systems, and governance mechanisms as fundamental performance drivers. The objective of this dissertation is to provide an economic insight into the inner workings of universities in Germany, thus answering the question of how they should organize themselves in order to persist in times of economic, organizational, and competitive challenges. Special focus lies on the analysis of the role of faculty in participative university decision-making and its positive and negative effects on the university. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, the dissertation outlines policy recommendations that may help to overcome the problems inherent in today’s university management and governance structures in Germany.

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: A, York University, course: Economic Development I&II,; language: English, abstract: Table of Contents 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Poverty and Inequality 6 3. Population Growth and Demographic Change 8 4. Conclusion 10 References 12

Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Munich (Lehrstuhl für Entrepreneurial Finance), language: English, abstract: Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem ökonomischen Einfluss von Venture Capital-finanzierten Unternehmen und betrachtet dabei im Detail drei Bereiche: Wachstum, Beschäftigung und Innovationen. Outline of the work The objective of this paper is the investigation of the economic impact of venture capital-backed companies. Therefore growth, employment and innovation are examined as the three most important spheres of influence. Beyond that, venture capital probably affects further areas of economy that are however not described within the scope of this work. This analysis should clarify the extent and kind of influence of venture-backed enterprises. It is based on various studies about the economic impact of venture capital, covering different research methods and geographic regions all over the world. The structure of the paper is shown in Fig. 1. The first chapter introduces the topic by describing the relevance of the subject and the structure of the work. Thereafter follows a definition of venture capital, a specification of the economic focus and a discussion of methodological issues. The chapters three to five constitute the main part and investigate the above-mentioned spheres, applying a three-staged examination method. The first section describes the respective topic and discusses relevant measures for the analysis. The second section inspects the development of venture capital-backed companies by looking at quantitative and qualitative aspects. The measures identified in the first section are chosen as quantitative indicators. The qualitative research focuses on the strongest influenced areas. The last section of the respective chapter assesses the economic importance of the topic, summarises the findings and determines the role of venture capitalists. Chapter six closes with a summary of the most important results and a further outlook.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Politische Soziologie, Majoritäten, Minoritäten, Note: 1.7, Technische Universität Dresden (Institut für Soziologie), Veranstaltung: HS Neuere Befunde der Wahlforschung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit bietet einen Überblick über die Grundlagen und Erweiterungen der Theorie des Economic Voting. Der aktuelle Forschungsstand wird vermittelt und Forschungsresultate unter dem Aspekt ihrer Inkonsistenz analysiert und bewertet.

Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: A-Grade with Distinction, South Bank University London (Faculty of Art and Human Sciences), course: European Policy, language: English, abstract: The essay analyses the question how EU-legislation on economic integration has shaped policy and decision-making processes as a "motor of political integration". Economic legislation, although on the first look restricted to one policy area and one "policy mode", can influence other areas and policy modes. Mainly focused on the example of the "Services Directive" the distribution of power between the EC institutions is analysed. At the same time the limits of economic integration in overcoming other political interests of Member States or interest groups like Trade Unions becomes visible. The Directive is a kind of "model case" of how a legislative act on economic policy can engage other policy fields, like social policy issues, labour market issues etc. At the same time it shows how economic or structural interests shift the political positions of MS as well as of interest groups, with groups which otherwise would form a solid block suddenly pursuing different goals. Therefore the Directive proves to be a good example of the complex multi-layer decision-making process on EC legislation. [...]

A leading economist reveals the methods that enabled him to predict current financial crises while drawing on parallels from other countries and time periods to offer advice on how to make sense of present-day challenges and prepare for the future.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1,0, European School of Business Reutlingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Zahl der Publikationen über Behavioral Economics und das Spezialgebiet der Neurofinance steigt stetig. In den Medien werden immer häufiger bahnbrechende Forschungsergebnisse verkündet - Die Basisannahme, dass etwas anderes als die reine Vernunft die vom Menschen getroffenen wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen bestimmt, ist jedoch nicht neu. Schon 1841 beschrieb Charles Mackay in "Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds", wie menschliche Emotionen und Gefühle Entscheidungen beeinflussen . Nach der aktuellen Lehrmeinung der Behavioral Economics entspricht die Annahme eines rein am Zweck orientierten Verhaltens des Menschen nicht der Realität. Wie ist das menschliche Verhalten in wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungssituationen, besonders in Bezug auf Finanzfragen, dann zu erklären? Die vorliegende Seminararbeit stellt zu einer möglichen Beantwortung dieser Frage das vielfältige Forschungsgebiet der Behavioral Economics mit dem Schwerpunkt Neurofinance vor.

Der Mitte der 1990er Jahre einsetzenden ökonomischeren Betrachtung des Europäischen Kartellrechts, auch als »more economic approach« bezeichnet, liegt eine stärkere Betonung der Auswirkungen von Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen auf die Konsumentenwohlfahrt zugrunde. Der »more economic approach«, zum ersten Mal in der vertikalen Gruppenfreistellungsverordnung verankert, zieht sich mittlerweile durch alle Bereiche des Wettbewerbsrechts. Diese Strömung erhebt nicht nur den Anspruch, Eingang in die Gesetzgebung zu fi nden, sondern auch bei der Rechtsanwendung zugrunde gelegt zu werden. Sowohl die unternehmerische Freiheit einschränkenden Regelungen als auch die auf ihrer Grundlage zu treffenden Entscheidungen sollen nach dem neuen Kriterium belastbar ökonomisch abgesichert werden. Während Band 221 der Schriftenreihe (Dr. Thomas Paul) die Chancen und Risiken einer ökonomisierten Missbrauchskontrolle beleuchtet, befasst sich die in diesem Band vorgelegte Dissertation mit der Bedeutung quantitativ-ökonomischer Methoden innerhalb der Zusammenschlusskontrolle. Die Arbeit zeigt, dass ökonomische Analysen von ihrem Aussagegehalt grundsätzlich geeignet sind, Beweis über rechtsrelevante Tatsachen in Fusionskontrollverfahren zu erbringen, wenn sie adäquat eingesetzt und gleichzeitig die Grenzen, die ihre Anwendung setzt, beachtet werden. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung werden sowohl das materielle Recht als auch das Verfahrensrecht auf dem Gebiet der Fusionskontrolle dargestellt sowie die für das thematische Verständnis notwendigen ökonomischen Grundlagen entwickelt und einer rechtlichen Bewertung unterzogen. Eingehend ausgewertet werden zudem die europäische und die US-amerikanische Entscheidungspraxis auf dem Gebiet der Fusionskontrolle. Gegenüber den in der Praxis oft schwer gerecht zu werdenden hohen Anforderungen an den Nachweis wettbewerbswidriger Wirkungen eines Zusammenschlussvorhabens entwickelt der Verfasser ein eigenes rechtliches Lösungsmodell wechselnder Beweisführungslasten, das auch, wie gezeigt wird, kritischen Testfällen standhält. Das Forschungsinstitut für Wirtschaftsverfassung und Wettbewerb e.V. (FIW) freut sich, mit diesem Band eine Arbeit von hohem wissenschaftlichem Anspruch und praktischem Wert auf einem Gebiet vorzulegen, in dem die Rechtsentwicklung noch am Anfang steht. Sie enthält sowohl für Ökonomen als auch für Juristen wichtige Denkanstösse für den Umgang mit quantitativ-ökonomischen Methoden, die auch für verwandte Gebiete, auf denen der »more economic approach« Einzug gehalten hat, nutzbar gemacht werden können. Wir wünschen dem Band eine gute Aufnahme bei seinen Lesern.

Economic Time Series: Modeling and Seasonality is a focused resource on analysis of economic time series as pertains to modeling and seasonality, presenting cutting-edge research that would otherwise be scattered throughout diverse peer-reviewed journals. This compilation of 21 chapters showcases the cross-fertilization between the fields of time series modeling and seasonal adjustment, as is reflected both in the contents of the chapters and in their authorship, with contributors coming from academia and government statistical agencies. For easier perusal and absorption, the contents have been grouped into seven topical sections: Section I deals with periodic modeling of time series, introducing, applying, and comparing various seasonally periodic models Section II examines the estimation of time series components when models for series are misspecified in some sense, and the broader implications this has for seasonal adjustment and business cycle estimation Section III examines the quantification of error in X-11 seasonal adjustments, with comparisons to error in model-based seasonal adjustments Section IV discusses some practical problems that arise in seasonal adjustment: developing asymmetric trend-cycle filters, dealing with both temporal and contemporaneous benchmark constraints, detecting trading-day effects in monthly and quarterly time series, and using diagnostics in conjunction with model-based seasonal adjustment Section V explores outlier detection and the modeling of time series containing extreme values, developing new procedures and extending previous work Section VI examines some alternative models and inference procedures for analysis of seasonal economic time series Section VII deals with aspects of modeling, estimation, and forecasting for nonseasonal economic time series By presenting new methodological developments as well as pertinent empirical analyses and reviews of established methods, the book provides much that is stimulating and practically useful for the serious researcher and analyst of economic time series.

The unemployment performance in OECD countries has been divers over the past decades. A growing "Varieties of capitalism"-literature focuses on institutional differences in social welfare, labour market and collective bargaining systems and recommends a curtailment of social provisions and a deregulation of labour markets. This book takes a different approach: market constellations (institutionally embedded macropolicy regimes) are central to divergent employment performances. And the willingness to create pro-employment market constellations depends largely on vested interests of the elites.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 2,0, Technische Universität Ilmenau (Wirtschaftswissenschaften), Veranstaltung: Finanzwissenschaft, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Länderrankings haben in der Öffentlichkeit einen grossen Stellenwert und geniessen grosse Aufmerksamkeit seitens der wirtschaftlichen, politischen und akademischen Gesellschaft. Sie dienen der Politik als Empfehlungen für das wirtschaftspolitische Handeln und helfen Investoren länderspezifisch Chancen und Risiken abzuwägen. Durch die Zunahme globalisierter ökonomischer Verflechtungen wurde es immer interessanter unterschiedliche Volkswirtschaften vergleichbar zu machen und ihre Position im internationalen Wettbewerb einzuordnen. Theoretische abstrakte Konstrukte wie beispielsweise Freiheit, Macht oder Nachhaltigkeit lassen sich gewöhnlich nicht direkt beobachten, sondern müssen zunächst operationalisiert werden. Dabei wird der betroffene Sachverhalt aus anderen, messbaren Variablen erschlossen und schliesslich als Index wiedergegeben auf dessen Grundlage das Ranking basiert. Die Auslese und Gewichtung dieser messbaren Variablen unterliegt dem Ersteller des Rankings. Somit können auch normative Zielvorgaben in die Entwicklung des Ranking mit einfliessen. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass beispielsweise die Gewichtung der Faktoren so abgemischt wird, dass man sie strategisch als Steuerungen einsetzen kann. Fraglich ist hierbei also, welchen Stellenwert dem erstellten Länderranking eingeräumt wird. Diese Arbeit befasst sich eingehend mit dem Länderranking der Heritage Foundation, dem Index of Economic Freedom, der den Grad der wirtschaftlichen Freiheit in den verschiedenen Ländern feststellt. Die Heritage Foundation ist ein amerikanischer think-tank, deren erklärtes Ziel die politischen Entscheidungsprozesse zugunsten einer konservativer Politik zu beeinflussen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Konzept des Index of Economic Freedom vorzustellen und seine Bedeutung darzulegen.

This textbook matches the requirements of the CSEC Economics syllabus, containing an interactive CD ideal for learning reinforcement.

¿Covers the Third Level Outcomes and Experiences for Home Economics and the relevant Health and Wellbeing Outcomes and Experiences ¿Activities section in each double page spread focuses on skills development and emphasises gaining experience as well as consolidating knowledge ¿Make the Link and Our Everyday Lives boxes demonstrate how key learning points and related skills can be applied to other subject areas and to real life ¿Includes suggestions for interdisciplinary projects ¿Contains ready-to-use assessment checklists based on the learning outcomes The ideal way to ensure that the Third Level Curriculum for Excellence objectives for Home Economics are met, and that the relevant Health and Wellbeing Outcomes are embedded within the Home Economics course. Leckie & Leckie - the Curriculum for Excellence Publisher!

As well as updated material, new case studies and revised statistics, actual question papers now replace the previous specimen questions in the 1st edition.

Providing clear and inviting instruction and guidance, this Companion supports students through their Economics course. It includes cross-curricular materials and activities as well as advice and guidance for the portfolio of four commentaries. Examples, features, and case studies drawn from around the world encourage students to develop an international perspective. Includes a section of Development and International Economics Written by experienced authors and teachers, who are both deputy chief examiners Activities and features provide opportunities for learning and discussion around core and wider issues Exam, portfolio, and Extended Essay advice is provided

The book uses both contemporary and classic film and literature to illustrate 33 fundamental concepts in introductory economics. Films include: Jaws, Legally Blonde, Casablanca, The Great Gatsby, The Scarlet Letter, and The Da Vinci Code.

The book uses both contemporary and classic film and literature to illustrate 33 fundamental concepts in introductory economics. Films include: Jaws, Legally Blonde, Casablanca, The Great Gatsby, The Scarlet Letter, and The Da Vinci Code.

With over a million copies sold, Economics in One Lesson is an essential guide to the basics of economic theory. A fundamental influence on modern libertarianism, Hazlitt defends capitalism and the free market from economic myths that persist to this day. Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the "Austrian School," which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson, his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy. Economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than 50 years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson. Hazlitt's focus on non-governmental solutions, strong - and strongly reasoned - anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication.