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A major new translation of the sacred text of Islam.The Qur?an, or literally ?recitation,? is the central religious text of Islam and the holy book of the Muslim faith. Originally composed in Arabic in the seventh century, the Qur?an collects the divine revelations passed down to the Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel over many years after his first vision in a cave. In 114 chapters, or suras, the Qur?an provides the rules of conduct that remain fundamental to Muslims today?most important, the key Islamic values of prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, and absolute faith in God, with profound spiritual guidance on matters of marriage and family, crime and punishment, rituals, food, warfare, and charity. With an estimated 1.8 billion members globally, Islam remains the second largest religion in the world after Christianity. And in light of the current upheavals in the Islamic world, there is a growing English-language audience eager to read and understand Islam and the Qur?an. This new English translation by one of the foremost scholars of Islamic history, Tarif Khalidi, conveys the powerful language of the Qur?an and retains the rhythms and structure of the original Arabic. It brings to life for readers in English one of the world?s most influential sacred texts, forming a revelatory introduction to the prophetic narratives central to Muslim belief.

Excerpt from Application du Nouveau Tarif Douanier: Février-Septembre 1892; Documents DiplomatiquesLe système actuellement établi était déjà en vigueur en 1 865 et, lorsqu'il a été radicalement réformé par la législation de 1870, le Ministre même qui a fait cette réforme prévoyait qu'elle ne pourrait subsister, et les craintes qu'il exprimait à ce sujet, consignées dans le préambule des Ordonnances de douanes de cette année, ont été confirmées par l'expérience. Les décisions qu'il a été nécessaire de prendre ultérieurement ont prouvé que les prévisions de ce Ministre n'étaient pas sans fon dement, et aujourd'hui l'on a reconnu comme insuffisant pour éviter la fraude au Département des finances, le maintien du plombage pour les tissus, le linge et les peaux tel qu'il était établi par les Ordonnances de 1 884.De là la nécessité de supprimer les abus commis au préjudice de la perception des douanes et d'adopter les mesures décrétées les 1 0 novembre et 23 février der niers, qui, en établissant des règles pour le transit à travers la Péninsule pour les marchandises nationales elles - mêmes, en fixent également pour celles qui proviennent de tous les pays étrangers indistinctement.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Original bdg. HC. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). Texts in entirely in Persian with a bilingual title in English and Persian on the cover. [172], 200, [12] p., b/w ills. and facsimiled pages. Al-ta'rîf bi-tabaqât al-umam: The world history of sciences & scholars up to the 5th century A.H.= At'tarîf bit'tabaqât: Tarikh-e jihânî ulûm wa dânishmendân tâqrîn chahbam bahrabî. Edited by Gholamreza Jamshidnezhad Aval. Said Al-Andalûsî, (1029-1070), was an Arab qadi of Toledo in Muslim Spain, who wrote on the history of science, philosophy and thought. He practised as a mathematical scientist with a special interest in astronomy, and compiled a famous biographic encyclopedia of science that quickly became popular in the empire and the Islamic East. Tabaqat al-Umam is a classification of the sciences and of the nations (The only extant work), written in 1068 two years before his death. It was composed in 1068 is an early "history of science" that comprises biographies of the scientists and scientific achievements of eight nations. In the field of nations are the Indians, Persians, Chaldeans, Egyptians, Greeks, Byzantines, Arabs and Jews (in contrast to others not disposed, such as Norsemen, Chinese, Africans, Russians, Alains and Turks). Sâ'id offers an account of the individual contribution each nation makes to the various sciences of arithmetic, astronomy, and medicine, etc., and of the earliest scientists and philosophers, from the Greeks, - Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle - to the Roman and Christian scholars of the 9th and 10th centuries in Baghdad. The second half of the book contains Arab-Islamic contributions to the fields of logic, philosophy, geometry, the development of Ptolemaic astronomy, observational methods, calculations in trigonometry and mathematics to determine the length of the year, the eccentricity of the sun's orbit, and the construction of astronomical tables, etc.