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In almost every human society some people get more and others get less. Why is inequity the rule in these societies? In The Origins of Unfairness, philosopher Cailin O'Connor firstly considers how groups are divided into social categories, like gender, race, and religion, to address this question. She uses the formal frameworks of game theory and evolutionary game theory to explore the cultural evolution of the conventions which piggyback on these seemingly irrelevant social categories. These frameworks elucidate a variety of topics from the innateness of gender differences, to collaboration in academia, to household bargaining, to minority disadvantage, to homophily. They help to show how inequity can emerge from simple processes of cultural change in groups with gender and racial categories, and under a wide array of situations. The process of learning conventions of coordination and resource division is such that some groups will tend to get more and others less. O'Connor offers solutions to such problems of coordination and resource division and also shows why we need to think of inequity as part of an ever evolving process. Surprisingly minimal conditions are needed to robustly produce phenomena related to inequity and, once inequity emerges in these models, it takes very little for it to persist indefinitely. Thus, those concerned with social justice must remain vigilant against the dynamic forces that push towards inequity.

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The power of love, the purposes of trials, suffering and loss, and the foundational concepts of sin and forgiveness lead to what Alan Kealii Jones calls the Experiential Model of the purpose of life. The model attempts to explain not only why life is unfair, but why unfairness is actually an essential design element of this mortal experience that makes perfect sense when we fully understand the plan. Utilizing traditional and contemporary writings, Alan explores the complex nature of our existence on this planet, and its links to other existences.

The calypso music that was popularized in the '50s was made exclusively by men for a long time, but if there is one queen of the style, it is Calypso Rose. Life hasn't always been easy for the Tobagonian diva, and while she praises a discourse of peace, she remains engaged, condemning social unfairness and the unjust status of women. This all is joyfully sung against a musical background of pure calypso, ska, and soca. After a long career during which she was written more than 800 songs, the dyn

As a teenage slave, Harriet Tubman stood up to an overseer who was trying to harm another slave. From that time forward, Tubman (above left) fought against unfairness and for what she believed was right. She helped hundreds of African Americans escape on the Underground Railroad. TIME For Kids® Biographies help make a connection between the lives of past heroes and the events of today. Harriet Tubman's courage and ideals have inspired generations of Americans to fight for equal rights and to stand up for their convictions.

This unforgettable novel, at once touching and funny, presents Jerry Chariot, an ordinary American kid who writes letters to Superman, because Jerry really believes in The Man of Steel. He is a boy who yearns to be loved and yearns to be Super in an everyday world so filled with unfairness that he must create his own reality - until the book's shattering conclusion makes Jerry realize who Superman really is.

When you feel in the grip of anger, ask yourself these questions: -Do you feel powerless to control your temper?-Does your anger frighten you so much that you feel compelled to suppress it?-Does your life feel unmanageable because of your anger?-Does your preoccupation with the unfairness of life and being wronged interfere with your happiness?-Do you feel hopeless about fi nding a cure for your temper? If you answer "yes" to these questions, you may be addicted to your anger. It acts like a drug that stimulates you, energizes you, and causes you to act insanely.Viewing your anger as an addiction, Dr. Ortman guides you through the time-tested Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous to fi nd healing and growth. He shows how the Steps offer practical wisdom to use the natural energy of your anger wisely and well, neither suppressing nor indulging it. The Steps provide guidance for your personal journey into your hostile moods so that you can discover your true self and release the Power within you.

After spoiled, rich Arabella Fitzgerald becomes a cat she learns about the unfairness of the world and about the need to grow up and face reality

When you feel in the grip of anger, ask yourself these questions: -Do you feel powerless to control your temper?-Does your anger frighten you so much that you feel compelled to suppress it?-Does your life feel unmanageable because of your anger?-Does your preoccupation with the unfairness of life and being wronged interfere with your happiness?-Do you feel hopeless about fi nding a cure for your temper? If you answer "yes" to these questions, you may be addicted to your anger. It acts like a drug that stimulates you, energizes you, and causes you to act insanely.Viewing your anger as an addiction, Dr. Ortman guides you through the time-tested Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous to fi nd healing and growth. He shows how the Steps offer practical wisdom to use the natural energy of your anger wisely and well, neither suppressing nor indulging it. The Steps provide guidance for your personal journey into your hostile moods so that you can discover your true self and release the Power within you.

'Nothing is so improbable as what is true' Of all the writers of ghost and horror stories, Ambrose Bierce is perhaps the most colourful. He was a dark, cynical and pessimistic soul who had a grim vision of fate and the unfairness of life, which he channelled into his fiction. And in his death, or rather his disappearance, he created a mystery as strange and unresolved as any that he penned himself. But more of that later. Ambrose Gwinett Bierce was born in a log cabin on 21st June 1842, in Horse Creek, Meigs County, Ohio, USA. He was the tenth of thirteen children, ten of whom survived infancy. His father, an unsuccessful farmer with an unseemly love of literature, had given all the Bierce children names beginning with 'A'. There was Abigail, the eldest; then Amelia, Ann, Addison, Aurelius etc. So oddness was a part of Bierce's life from the beginning. Poverty and religion of the extreme variety were the two chief influences on young Ambrose's childhood. He not only hated this period of his life, he also developed a deep hatred for his family and this is reflected in some of his stories which depict families preying on and murdering one another. For example the unforgettable opening sentence of An Imperfect Conflagration seems to sum up his bitter attitude: 'Early in 1872 I murdered my father - an act that made a deep impression on me at the time'.

Surrounded by her two daughters, Lily Bloom, an aging American in the final stages of cancer, spends her time in a bed in Central London's Royal Ear Hospital, drugged with painkillers, moving in and out of consciousness, and railing against the unfairness of the world around, the sins of those around her, and her coming death. 40,000 first printing. $50,000 ad/promo.

As a teenage slave, Harriet Tubman stood up to an overseer who was trying to harm another slave. From that time forward, Tubman (above left) fought against unfairness and for what she believed was right. She helped hundreds of African Americans escape on the Underground Railroad.TIME For Kids® Biographies help make a connection between the lives of past heroes and the events of today. Harriet Tubman's courage and ideals have inspired generations of Americans to fight for equal rights and to stand up for their convictions.

This chapter from "River Out of Eden" argues that the only purpose of life is the survival of DNA; understand this, and all the inefficiency, unfairness and cruelty in the world makes sense.

Issues of diversity and affirmative action have turned elite higher education in the United States into contested terrain. Rights revolutions in the country have raised hopes that have proved difficult to fulfill. Most particularly, expectations about access and opportunity--redressing the unfairness of the past--have collided with widely held beliefs: that educational institutions should treat each person fairly as an individual and should promote high academic standards. Promise and Dilemma gathers the reflections of a group of leading educators on whether and how objectives of diversity, equity, and excellence can be simultaneously pursued. Empirical in orientation, these essays focus on constructive proposals and on the role of social and political consensus. Furthermore, they contrast what we believe we know with what empirical data and institutional experience can teach us. Eugene Lowe's substantive introduction reviews the history of the practice of affirmative action in colleges and universities. The other essays are by L. Scott Miller of The College Board; Mamphela Ramphele, vice chancellor of the University of Cape Town; Neil J. Smelser of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford; and Claude M. Steele of Stanford University. Also included are commentaries by Randall Kennedy, Harvard Law School; Richard J. Light, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; Chang-Lin Tien, the University of California, Berkeley; and Philip Uri Treisman, the University of Texas.

Illus. in full color. "Krensky ably retells the story of 1692 Salem witch trials, making clear the unfairness of the trials that led to the executions of 19 supposed witches. Color drawings add atmosphere. A good choice for a simple introduction to the ever-popular story of witchcraft in 17th century Salem."--School Library Journal.  

What was it like growing up white in Mississippi as the civil rights movement exploded in the 1950s and ’60s? How did some white children reconcile the decency and fairness taught by their parents with the indecency and unfairness of the Mississippi “Way of Life,” the euphemism applied to Jim Crow segregation? Won Over examines these questions as it traces the life journey of United States District Judge William Alsup, born in Mississippi in 1945 to hard-working parents who believed in segregation but also in fairness and decency. Therein lay the struggle at the core of the human predicament in the South. Alsup’s memoir recounts the influences that drew the author from traditional Southern attitudes toward a color-blind ideal. Those influences included his older sister, Willanna, his closest circle of friends, a charismatic mentor in college, and the moral force of the civil rights movement. Won Over recalls some of his steps along that journey―a counterprotest to a John Birch Society billboard calling for the impeachment of Chief Justice Earl Warren; a personal meeting with the brother of slain leader Medgar Evers to convey condolences; a letter to the editor of the statewide paper on behalf of his circle of friends declaring “We are for civil rights for Negroes”; a successful 1966 challenge to a statewide ban on “controversial” speakers on college campuses, used to prevent blacks from being invited to speak; and a visit to a Chicago church to hear Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speak against housing and employment discrimination.